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Vetches. Both the Common Vetches and the Hairy Vetches are 

 serviceable when grown alone or with oats or barley for the production 

 of green fodder, but are not suitable for the production of seed for 

 feeding purposes. 



Emmee. This is a species of wheat, known under the scientific 

 name of Triticum dicoccum. Emmer is grown at the present day in 

 Switzerland, Germany, Russia, Spain, and some of the other European 

 countries. When the grain is threshed, the heads break at the 

 different joints, leaving the grain in the chaff as closely clasped as 

 ever. To secure the clean seed, special machinery is necessary to 

 separate the chaff f rem the grain. The flour obtained is said to pro- 

 duce a coarse bread. It is doubtful if Emmer will ever be grown 

 extensively for flour production in Ontario, but the indications are 

 favorable for its becoming a regular and valuable crop for stock 

 feeding. The grain, when ground with the chaff, appears to make a 

 meal of good quality, and the straw is considered by many to make 

 very valuable feed. Emmer is incorrectly called Spelt, or Speltz, by 

 many seedsmen and farmers in Ontario and in the Northern States. 

 The true Spelt {Triticum spelta) is quite distinct from Emmer, and is 

 generally considered much inferior. 



Different varieties of both Emmer and Spelt have been grown in 

 the experimental grounds at Guelph within the past thirteen years, the 

 former producing good, and the latter, poor results in nearly every case. 

 In the average results from growing Emmer in the trial grounds for 

 the last three years, the yield of grain has been upwards of 2,300 

 pounds per acre, which is about equal in weight to 68 bushels of oats, 

 or 48 bushels of barley. 



Emmer has been distributed throughout Ontario for two years 

 and tested with other kinds of spring wheat. The Emmer surpassed 

 the Wild Goose spring wheat in yield of grain per acre by 46 per 

 cent, in the average of thirty-nine co-operative experiments in 1900, 

 and by 63 per cent, in the average of thirty-one co-operative experi- 

 ments in 1901. It will, therefore, be seen that Emmer is a large 

 yielder of grain, and that it might be well to give it a trial, especi- 

 ally in those sections where the pea weevil is troublesome. 



Other Substitute Crops. Besides the different varieties of 

 crops here described, an increased area of our prominent cereals, such 

 as oats, rye, six-rowed, two-rowed, and hulless barley, might be 

 grown, either separately or in various combinations. These crops 

 are too familiar, however, to require any detailed description. 



Mixtures composed of oats and barley ; oats, barley, and Wild 

 Goose spring wheat; or oats, barley. Wild Goose spring wheat, and 

 Grass peas, which are sown and allowed to ripen, usually yield more 

 per acre than any one of them when grown by itself, or than peas 

 and oats when grown in combination. Mixtures of oats and tares 



