50 



more seed to the surface). Sow a crop of grain the following spring 

 and seed with clover. Pull weeds by hand out of the grain crop ; take 

 a crop or two of hay, or pasture ; and break up the clover sod, treat- 

 ing it as outlined in the note to Mr. Rennie's method of cloanino' land. 

 (See page 15). When necessary at any stage in this method, use a 

 grubber or subsoil plow to stir the soil to a greater depth than is 

 reached by the surface cultivation. 



Blue stone rtiethod. When mustard plants are sprayed with a 2 

 per cent, solution of blue stone (blue vitriol, or copper sulphate), 

 which is made by dissolving one pound in 5 gallons of water, or 9 

 pounds in 45 gallons of water, they are killed. It is necessarj- that 

 the plants be sprayed early, just when coming into bloom, and on a 

 fine bright day, if the best results are to be obtained. A barrel (45 

 gallons) should spray an acre. 



Fig. 16. 



WoRMSEED Mustard, or Treacle Mustard. 



Erysimurti cJxirantJioides, (L.) 



A native weed, which seems to be spreading rapidly through the 

 Province. Many specimens have been sent here for examination 

 during the past year. 



An annual or winter annual with erect and branching stems from 

 8 in. to 2 ft. high. The foliage is bright green and abundant. The 

 leaves are long, tapering at the base into a short petiole, and they are 

 covered with T-shaped hairs. The flowers are yellow and about ] in. 

 across. The little stalks (pedicels) holding the pods, come out from 

 the stem obliquely, but the pod stands erect on the pedicel, parallel 

 with the stem. The pod is about an inch long and four-angled, with 

 one row of seeds in each cell. The seeds are 1-16 in. long and light 

 brown in color, with a furrow on one side (Fig. 16a). An average 

 plant produces 25,000 seeds. 



Seeds give a bitter taste to feed containing them. 



Time of flowering June-July. Time of seeding, July-August. 



Dispersal — frequently as an impurity in Clover seed. 



Eradication. Hand-pulling and burning is the best remedy when 

 the weed occurs in small quantities ; but where there is much of it, 

 the following procedure is advised : Harrow stubble-ground early 

 after harvest, or gang-plow and harrow. As soon as the seeds have 

 had time to sprout, cultivate ; repeat the cultivation, and rib up the 

 land with a double mouldboard plow the last thing in the tall. Put 

 in a hosd crop, either roots or corn, the following spring, and cultivate 

 thorouo^hly throughout the growing season. Cultivate after the roots 

 or corn, sow a crop of grain, and seed with clover. If not too much, 

 pull weeds by hand out of the grain crop ; take a crop or two of hay 

 or pasture ; and break up the clover sod, treating it as outlined in 

 note to Mr. Rennie's method of cleaning land. (See page 15.) 



