July, and the third with the summer wash on the 14th and 15th of August. 

 The' winter appUcation, although fairly satisfactory, did not kill all the scale, 

 but as large a percentage as one could naturally expect from the encrusted 

 condition of the trees. Besides, Mr. McBain tells me that he c(juld now guar- 

 antee a much larger percentage of scale killed, because he was afraid to use 

 a stronger formula than the one he had been using in California. I examined 

 the orchard on the 14th of August, before the third application, and found but 

 few scale on the trees. The trees looked healthy and had made a decided 

 growth. Some of the leaves of the trees had been singed by the summer mix- 

 ture, but I think no appreciable damage would be done. 



There are two preparations mads by Mr. McBain under the name of 

 Carbolic Wash — the Winter and the Summer preparations. The Whiter 

 Wash was used in the first spraying operations and against the aphis. The 

 Summer Wash is, in my judgment, the more effective scale remedy. It is not 

 so black and does not contain so much crude carbolic acid as the winter wash. 

 It remains to be seen how etYective the Summer wash will be when applied 

 in the winter, as Mr. McBain intends doing in future. 



The McBain Carbolic Wash has been in use for some years in California 

 as a scale remedy. It is a black, oily liquid, and smells strongly of crude 

 carbolic acid. Other ingredients are pine tar and fish oil. The strong 

 point in favor of this wash is the readiness and ease with which the spraying 

 liquid can be prepared. When a barrel of liquid is to be made up, two or 

 three gallons of the black carbolic wash are placed in the barr.-l and cold 

 water added. The wash dissolves very readily, and the barrel of liquid has 

 a milky appearance. Another feature of the preparation is that its application 

 by the spray pump is not an unpleasant operation. The operator does not 

 need a special suit of old clothes, as he "would if he were spraying crude pe- 

 troleum, whale-oil soap, or the lime, sulphur and salt mi.xture. 



In my judgment the points of the 'McBain Carbolic Wash which I have 

 indicated are very important ones in future operations against the San Jose 

 Scale, for experience proves that the ordinary fruit grower is influenced might- 

 ily by the character of the spraying operation. I believe that the main reason 

 why the crude petroleum, and the other preparations which are efifective 

 against the scale, did not take with the people was this very factor— the dis- 

 agreeable nature of the spraying. As we all know, a perfect insecticide must 

 possess the following qualities: — 



I. It must be effective against the insect; 2. It must not harm the plant; 

 3. Tt must be readily and easily applied ; 4. It must be cheap. 



From my observations this McBain Carbolic Wash possesses at least 

 three of these qualities, and it may have the fourth also, for I do not know 

 what the retail price of it will be. This is an important point, but if the 

 manufacture of the substance is to be made a business matter, then I have 

 not much fear on this point. 



In addition there is ground for the belief that this wash is valuable not 

 only for controlling the aphis of apple, plum and cherry, but also as a fungi- 

 cide lor peach-leaf curil, apple scab, and the brown rot of plum, when used 

 at the rate of i to 30. 



