29 



"A" is the food reservoir ; " B," the pump ; " E," the pump rod ; 

 " 0," the lever, which on being depressed at the lettered end, causes 

 the pump rod " E," to which it is attached, to move downwards, and 

 to eject the contents of the pump " B " out of the nozzle " K." On 

 relieving the pressure at " O," the lever and the parts connected there- 

 with are drawn up by the spring " C," until the motion is arrested by 

 a stop " M," which serves to determine the quantity of food ejected at 

 each depression of the tread e. 



The charge may also be varied by arresting the pressure at any 

 point in the downward thrust of the lever " 0." 



The illustration (Fig. 23) shows one method of operating with 

 this crammer, and this plan is now largely followed in some parts of 

 Sussex, England. 



Tig. 23. Cramming machine for the forced feeding of chickens, turkej's, etc. 



Kind of Food Used in Cramming Machine. 



Not all kinds of foods can be used in the machine. The food 

 must be in a semi-liquid condition in order to pass through the 

 machine. This necessitates the use of some kind of grain that will 

 stay in suspension in the milk, beef broth, or whatever liquid is used 

 in mixing the grain. Finely ground oats, with the hulls removed, or 



