9 



mechanical reasons. For example, with fowl 5, the lower mandible was dis- 

 located by the cheesy mass in the nostrils and infra-orbital cavity, and could 

 not be closed. In many cases, there is a pronounced thirst. The fleshy con- 

 dition of fowls attacked by roup usually becomes worse with the chronic con- 

 tinuance of the disease. The flesh of fowls which die after a short attack, is 

 less afifected. As for the body temperature .of birds with diphtheria, it is the 

 universal statement that the body temperatures are high in diseased birds. The 

 English and American text-books on poultry all speak of fever as the constant 

 accompaniment of roup. But, 'according to our observations, their statements 

 on this point are incorrect ; and our conclusions are confirmed by the investi- 

 gations of Friedberger-Froehner. The temperature of the head is very Oiften 

 above normal ; but in numerous cases in which we have taken the body temper- 

 ature of roupy birds, there has been no increase ; or at least, no considerable 

 increase. The highest temperature that we ever found was 42 degrees C. in a 

 perfectly healthy hen. The minimum temperature of healthy, as well as dis- 

 eased, fowls, was 40.2-40.8 degrees C, the average being 41. 5-41. 8 degrees C. 

 In all simple catarrhs of the nose the prognosis is a favorable one. As soon 

 as complications set in it becomes bad. 



Fig. 7.— Fowl No. 47 inoculated w ith B. pyocyaneus. 



The course of roup, with few exceptions, is chronic ; it lasts weeks, and 

 even for years. Certainly the cause of its becoming chronic lies for the most 

 part in the condition of the exudations or diseased secretions and their local- 

 ization. Slighter afifections of the nose very frequently disappear. If, how- 

 ever, the conchae or the infra-orbital cavities are attacked, or the nose passages 

 become filled with solid masses of exudation, a natural recovery is either im- 

 possible or very slow. As has been described, these firm exudation masses 

 become very large in a short time ; they act like foreign bodies, setting up irri- 

 tation, and become larger and larger by the continued transudation ; and, by 

 reason of the pressure of these bodies, various kinds of hypertrophies and atro- 

 phies ensue. They can be discharged only after having become softened and 



