7. Determine the changes in the length of the ScAPE. What pur- 

 pose is served ? Describe the appearance of the flower when opened for 

 the last time. 



8. Determine if the stamens mature before, at the same time, or later 

 than the stigmas. Make careful drawings of the flower. 



9. Study the development of the Seed; des«ribe the changes which 

 take place. Draw a mature seed. 



10. Place a long strip of the scape of a Dandelion in a saucer of 

 water. What occurs ? Account for the change. Take it out of the 

 water and put it into a solution of salt. What occurs ? Why ? 



[Consult Scott's Nature-Study and the Child.] 



VI. The Leaf. 



1. Observe the following details of the leaf as it grows on the plant 

 in the field : 



(a) The pattern and individual shape, (b) method of overshading and 

 over-reaching other leaves, (c) adaptation for rain, (d) protection against 

 wind, (e) mechanical support, (f) means of defence against insects and 

 fungi, (g) arrangement for bud protection, (h) autumn coloration. 



2. Note any adaptation for gathering the rain of : (a) Groundsel (di- 

 recting water to base), (b) Common Lettuce, (c) Chickweed (line of hairs 

 along the stem, (d) Ash, (e) Labiates, (f) Grasses. 



3. Note any adaptation for protection against storms in the leaf of : 

 (a) Ash (observe on a windy day), (b) Mountain Ash, (c) Beech, (d) Poplar. 



4. Note any adaptation as to mechanical support in the leaf of : (a) 

 White Catchfly, (b) Bracken, (c) Blackberry (examine cross-section of 

 petiole). 



5. Note any adaptation for bud protection in the bud of : (a) Horse- 

 chestnut, (b) Rumex, (c) Wood-sorrel, (d) Verbascum, (e) Goose Grass, 



(f) Stachys, (g) Hawthorn, (h) Daisy. 



6. Make a collection of leaves showing as many forms as possible. 

 Try to identify the different maples and oaks by their leaves. 



7. What is a leaf ? What is its main function ? 



Vn. Leaf Fall and Autumn Coloration. 



1. Note the manner of leal -fall upon as many shrubs and trees as 

 possible, especially those with cOMipound leaves. 



2. Determine how long the leaves remain attached in privet, laurel, 

 and the various evergreens. 



3. Determine how the leaf separates from the stem. Section leaves 

 attached to their stems early in autumn and observe the development 

 of the "cleavage plate." 



