12 



12. Where are the chief lumbier regions of Canada? Why has the 

 price of lumber advanced within recent years? 



[Consult Percival and Bailey.] 



XV. The Apple Twig. 



1. Note the rings on main branches and twigs; cause? age of twig? 



2. Examine branches of different ages, and compare the markings 

 and buds. 



3. From what buds are the longest growths? Why? 



4. Observe the short branches with broken ends ; what are these 

 called? Why do not these bear fruit every year? What becomes of 

 the buds formed on the spurs not bearing fruit? What is the cause of 

 the broken ends? 



5. Find out the following : 



(1) Age of the twigs studied. 



(2) Number of apples each fruit-spur bore. 



(3) The fruit-spurs for next season. 



(4) Where the blossoms did not set. 



(5) Where the apples fell before maturity. 



(6) Where terminal buds were injured, and lateral buds developed 

 into fruit-buds. 



(7) Any accidental markings. 



(8) The dormant buds. 



[Consult Bailey's Lessons with Plants.] 



XVI. Spurs. 



1. Examine and collect twigs of the various orchard and forest trees. 



2. Determine the position of the fruit-spurs on the different twigs. 

 Make careful drawings. 



3. Write the story of each' of the branches. 



4. Some trees have few or no spurs and bear almost entirely on long 

 shoots one year old ; other trees produce their fruit-buds chiefly on the 

 apex, or on the sides of spurs, the long shoots of the tree bearing only 

 wood-buds the first year; while others bear almost equally on both long 

 shoots and spurs. 



Give examples of the three classes given above. 



5. How do the red currant and gooseberry bear their fruit-spurs? 



6. Determine if possible the age of fruit-spurs in the different trees 

 studied. 



7. What is the importance of a knowledge of fruit- spurs to the or- 

 chardist? 



