26 



2. Observe the habits of the worms in the box, how they bore 

 through the earth ; why they come to the surface after rain. 



3. Examine worm-casts, — their shape, whence they came, and how 

 they are brought to the surface. 



4. Determine how a worm crawls, — 



5. Examine the front end ; does the worm always travel the same 

 end foremost ? 



6. Examine the home of the earthworm, using a trowel to remove 

 the layers of earth ; what is found in the holes ? 



7. Find out the kind of food the worm likes ; try different kinds. 



8. Are roots of plants eaten by earthworms ? \\'here are worms 

 most abundant ? 



9. Determine the sense-organs of earthworms : 



(a) Note the quickness with which they retreat when disturbed by a 

 heavy step on the earth near their burrows. What sense has warned them 

 of the approach of dangler : seeing* hearing, or feeling ? 



{b) Note the force with which they cling to their burrows when an 

 attempt is made to drag them out. 



How is it they cling so strongly ? 



Examine the sides and under surface of the worm for an additional 

 cause. 



(c) Can they see ? Test by bringing light towards them. 



(d) Can they hear? Test by yelling close to one or beating a tin pan. 

 {e) Can they smell? Test by hiding a piece of its favorite food 



which you have already determined by experiment, and note whether it 

 finds it. 



10. Determine the general appearance of an earthworm. 



11. Find the eggs of earthworms; the sac which contains them. 

 Watch a rich piece of lawn well, before dusk, and, with lantern in 



hand, watch carefully the habits of the worms which come to the sur- 

 face after dark. 



XLII. The Songs of Insects. 



Collect some crickets, locusts, katydids, meadow grasshoppers, and 

 trfee crickets, and place them in a terrarium in which there is some 

 green grass. 



1. Determine if both males and females sing. 



2. Observe carefully, and determine how each singer makes noise. 



3. Find where the "ears" are situated. 



4. Try and procure a Cicada, and determine how it makes its pecu- 

 liar song. Is the singer male or female? 



5. What other insects make noises? 



