16 



2. Ascertain if there are clasping claw-like appendages at the base 

 of the leaf. Lolium perenne (Perennial Rye Grass) and Festuca pratensis 

 (Meadow Fescue) have such claw-like appendages, while Fox-tail has 

 none. 



3. Ascertain the color of the leaf sheaf below ground. 



4. Ascertain whether the leaves are cylindrical or flat ; narrow or 

 broad, prominently ribbed or not; the color of the veins. 



5. Ascertain whether the leaf-sheaths are smooth or hairy ; keeled 

 or not. 



6. How do fruit-growers control the Codling Worm? 



7. Describe and draw a "scabby" apple. What are the objections 



8. Make a key by means of the characters of the leaves. 



XXIV. The Apple as a Host. 



Secure specimens of "wormy" and "scabby" apples. 



1. How many kinds of apples do you know? 



2. Is there a difference in the size of the cores of different apples? 



3. Cut crosswise and lengthwise of two apples. Answer the follow- 

 ing questions and draw : 



(a) How many cells in the core? How many seeds in each cell? 



(b) How do the seeds point? Are they attached? 



(c) Is the blossom end connected in any way with the core? 



(d) From what part of the flower has the apple (fruit) been de- 



rived. 



4. Write out an account of the work of the Codling Worm. How 

 many broods in a season? How does it spend the winter? Collect the 

 different stages of this insect. 



5. Where did the worm leave the apple? 



6. How do fruit-growers control the Codling Worm? 



7. Describe and draw a "scabby" apple. What are the objections 

 to scabby apples? Determine how and where infection takes place, and 

 the development of the disease. 



8. How do fruit-growers control the "scab"? 



9. Make a collection of other enemies of the apple. 



XXV. Fruits. 



Collect for comparison and study the fruits of most of the common 

 plants in the vicinity. 



1. Group them into (1) dry, and (2) fleshy forms. 



2. Group all the dry fruits into (1) Dehiscent, and (2) Indehiscent 

 forms. 



