■20 



5. Study carefully how the cat eats its food. What other animals 

 eat their food in the same way ? Of what use is the tongue ? 



6. How does the dog- and cat take liquid food ? 



7. What animals get their food at night ? 



8. AVhat is the food of the earthworm and how does it take it into its 

 body ? 



9. Watch how a snake takes its food, a frog, a caterpillar. 



10. To what extent do the kind of food and the food-getting affect 

 the shape of the head and jaws ? 



11. Does the food supply affect the habits of animals at different 

 seasons ? 



12. Determine whether the following animals are beneficial or in- 

 jurious : Mole, snake, toad, sparrows, hawks, owls, woodchucks, 

 squirrel, weasel, racoon, rat, mouse, plant-lice. 



XXXII. Adaptations Among Animals and Plants. 



1. In what particular is the cat adapted for (a) securing food, (b) 

 protecting itself, (c) defending its young, (d) in fighting with another cat 

 or other animals, (e) its surroundings ? 



2. Study the adaptation of the squirrel, the hawk, the horse, the 

 giraffe, the deer,, the mole, to their respective mode of life.' 



3. Find examples of caterpillars and other insects which are pro- 

 tected by their color. What higher animals are protected in this wav ? 



4. How are the skunk, the porcupine, the wasp, and the bee pro- 

 tected ? 



5. To what extent are fishes, birds, reptiles, and worms adapted ' to 

 their mode of life ? 



6. Find plants that are well adapted to their particular mode of -life. 



7. A'Vhat are some of the means plants have of surviving under un- 

 favorable conditions ? 



8. Explain how all plants and animals are adapted to their sur- 

 roundings ? 



(Read "Animal Life" by Jordan and Kellogg: Appleton). 



XXXIII. Snails and Slugs. 



These animals belong to the sub-kingdom Mollusca, (mollis, soft ; 

 esca, flesh). Why ? 



Slugs have an internal flat shell, while snails have one coiled inter- 

 nal valve. 



1. The Shell. Find all the different kinds of snails you can. Rest 

 the shell on its base with the aperture pointing toward you, and draw a 

 plan of the spiral.. Does the spiral run to the right or to the left ? In a 



