30 



The twigs and branches readily break at injured parts. The eggs are 

 laid in the slits in July and August, and hatch the following June. 



Treatment. Prune out afiected branches and twigs in fall and 

 spring. 



4. Oyster-Shell Scale (Mytilaspis pomorum). This brown scale 

 insect infests the bark. It has a shape like a minute oyster shell. It 

 passes the winter as an egg under the old scale. The egg hatches about 

 the first of June, and there is but one brood each year. 



Treatment. Spray trees with white wash, lime-sulphur wash, or 

 whale oil soap solution in winter ; spray with kerosene emulsion solution 

 when the eggs hatch and the young are crawling. 



5. San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus). This insect is quite 

 minute, is circular with a central nipple. It winters as a half grown scale 

 and matures about end of June. There are three or four broods each sea- 

 son. It injures the tree by sucking the sap. If the presence of this in- 

 sect is suspected, a report should be made to the Department of Agricul- 

 ture, Toronto. 



Treatment. Spray in spring before buds open with lime-sulphur 

 wash. 



III. Attacking the Buds and Leaves. 



1. The Bud Moth {Tmetocera ocellana). The Bud Moth is a small, 

 grayish insect which lays her eggs in July on the leaves. 

 The young caterpillars feed on the under surface of the leaves. 

 They pass the ■ winter in a half grown state in small scales 

 near the buds or other protected places. In spring they at- 

 tack the swelling buds, often riddling them, and later form silken 

 nests about the young leaves. The caterpillar is almost naked, brown 

 with black head, and about f of an inch long when full grown. 



Treatment. Spray thoroughly with arsenic solutions just as the 



buds open. 



2. Fall Canker-Worm [Anisopteryx pometaria and the Spring 

 Canker-Worm (^Paleacrita vernata). The females of these moths are 

 wingless, the former depositing her eggs -on the twigs in the fall, the 

 latter in the spring. The caterpillars of both specie.s are loopers, which 

 attain a length of an inch. They feed on the leaves. When full grown 

 they descend to the ground and change to pupae in earthen cells. The 

 moth of the Fall Canker-Worm appears in the fall, while that of the 

 Spring Canker-Worm appears in the spring. 



Treatments. Band the trunks of the trees in early fall with burlap 

 or cotton to prevent the wingless females from ascending to lay their 

 eggs. Spray with arsenic solutions, usually just before or after blossom- 

 ing, when the caterpillars are small. 



3. The Tent Caterpillar [Clisiocaivpa Americana). The web tents 

 of these insects are often conspicuous in May, as the leaves appear. The 

 caterpillar is hairy, and has a white-stripe down the back. The oval co- 



