10 



variety, the soil, and the locality. The varieties grown in our most 

 northern orchards seldom spread more than twenty or twenty-five feet. 

 While the kinds grown in the more favored apple sections of Southern 

 Ontario often have a spread of forty feet. The best guides to intending 

 planters is to observe carefully the distances required for full grown 

 apple trees in the neighborhood. In southern Ontario this will be found 

 to be from 35 to 40 feet, throughout central Ontario 30 to 35 feet, while 

 in northern sections where only tlie hardiest kinds are grown 25 feet will 

 be found quite sufficient. It is wise to allow plenty of space, so that 

 there will be no crowding when the trees have reached their full size. 

 Planting too close is a far more frequent and serious mistake than 

 planting too far apart. 



A plan quite frequently adopted, particularly in some of the large 

 American orchards, is to use some of the small-growing early-bearing 

 varieties, as fillers between the large-growing varieties. The 



Duchess, Ontario, and Ben Davis, for example, being planted alternately 

 with large growing kinds, such as Baldwin, Greening, and Spy. 



In such cases the large-growing kinds are set at the maximum dis- 

 tance apart, and the smaller kinds between them. By the time the 

 larger kinds begin crowding, the smaller ones will have paid for their 

 keep and that of the others and can be cut out to make room for the 

 larger trees. The greatest objection to this plan is the danger that the 

 fillers may be left so long before they are removed that the value of the 

 whole orchard may be impaired. 



Ordering and Obtaining Trees. 



A complete list of the nurserymen of this Province is published each 

 year in the Report of the Inspector of Fumigation, and most of our 

 leading nurserymen advertise in the agricultural and horticultural 

 papers. Upon application, any of these men are glad to quote prices at 

 which they can supply stock. 



It is well, when ordering nursery stock, to order early. Too many 

 leave such a matter till planting time, when they might as well have had 

 their order in several months sooner. By ordering early they are more 

 likely to obtain just what is wanted, and if the nurseyman has not the 

 desired varieties on hand, he can obtain them elsewhere by the time they 

 are needed. 



When the trees arrive from the nursery, it is best to unpack them as 

 soon as possible, and, if it is not convenient to plant them at once, the 

 roots should be spread out and buried in a deep trench till they can be 

 permanently planted. The longer the trees are to remain in this posi- 

 tion the more carefully they should be heeled in. 



Transplanting. * 



There is a diversity of opinion as to the best time for transplant- 

 ing. It may of course be done any time when the tree is dormant, either 



