31 



coons are formed in protected places, and the yellowish-brown moths ap- 

 pear a week or so later to deposit bracelets of varnished eggs on the 

 twigs. There is but one brood each season. 



Treatment. Collect egg clusters in fall and winter ; spray the young 

 caterpillars with arsenic solution ; burn or otherwise destroy the tents. 



4. The Cigar Case-Bearer (Coleophora fletcherella). Small cigar- 

 shaped bodies may often be seen attached to the bark and leaves. These 

 are the cases of tiny caterpillars which feed on the buds and leaves. In 

 spring these caterpillars often do much harm. In late June or July the 

 smali moths appear to lay their eggs. When first hatched the caterpil- 

 lars are leaf-miners, but later become case-bearers. They pass the winter 

 in their cases, as half grown caterpillars. 



Treatment. Spray thoroughly with arsenic solutions just as buds 

 are opening and repeat if necessary a week later. 



'). The Pistol Case-Bearer (Coleophora malivorella). This Case- 

 bearer is readily recognized by the pistol-shaped case which is attached to 

 the branches. The small dark-colored moths appear at the end of June 

 and deposit egg. The caterpillars hatch from the eggs in July, and eat 

 holes in the leaves. They make cases for themselves as they feed. They 

 spend the winter in the cases attached to the twigs. In early spring they 

 recomrhence feeding on the opening buds and flowers. About the first 

 of June they change to pupae, and the moths emerge two or three weeks 

 later. 



Treatment. Spray with arsenic solution as the buds are opening, 

 and again a week later. 



6. The Apple Plant-Lice (Aphis pomi et aJ). These green plant- 

 lice curl the leaves badly, and injure the buds. They are sucking insects 

 and they secrete a sweet sticky liquid called honey-dew. They_ winter over 

 as black, shining eggs on the branches of twigs. It is likely that there 

 are more than one species. There are both winged and wingless forms 

 during the summer. 



Treatment. Spray when young plant-lice first appear with kerosene 

 emulsion solution or any other good contact insecticide; spray with sul- 

 phur salt wash in early spring. 



Several other insects are occasionally found injuring the leaves, viz., the 

 Appi e-Lhaf Miner, which mines within the leaf, and forms its pupa with- 

 in the folded leaf; the Apple-Leaf Bucculatrix, which forms white 

 ribbed cocoons in clusters on the branches, while the caterpillars feed on 

 the leaves ; the Palmer Worm, a small yellowish green caterpillar, often 

 numerous in June and Julv, when it injures the fruit as well as the leaves; 

 the Apple-Leaf Tver, which folds the leaf and lives within, feeding on 

 the soft tissues; the Apple-Leaf Roller, which feeds within folded 

 leaves ; the Red-Humped Caterpillar and the Yellow-Necked Cater- 

 piLLLAR, which cluster on limbs and eat the leaves. 



Treatment. As a rule spraying with arsenic solution at intervals 

 during- the season will control these. , 



