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IV. Attacking the Fruit. 



1. The Codling Worm {Carpocapsa pomonella). In the Eastern 

 and Northern parts of Ontario there is but one brood, but in the South- 

 western part there are two broods. 



The small moths appear at the close of the blossoming- period and 

 deposit their eggs on the young fruit at the calyx end. The caterpillars 

 bore into the fruit at the core, and when full grown, emerge and spin co- 

 coons under the loose bark on the trunk in June and July, where they 

 change into pupa?. Where there are two broods the moths appear in 

 July and August to deposit eggs for a second generation. This brood of 

 caterpillars may enter the half-grown apples at any point, but they emerge 

 in the fall to form cocoons in which they remain hidden all winter. I-n 

 spring they transform to pupae, and later to moths just as the blossoms 

 have fallen. 



^^'hen there is but one brood the caterpillar after forming the cocoon 

 remains in it until the following spring. The worms which fall to the 

 ground with the apple make their way to some cover and form cocoons. 



Treatments. Band the trunk with burlap or other suitable material 

 about the tenth of June. Examine these bands every ten days or two 

 weeks and destroy the cocoons which collect underneath ; destroy the 

 wormy and fallen apples ; spray with arsenic solution soon after the blos- 

 soms have fallen; spray again in August to kill the young caterpillars 

 of second brood. 



2. The Apple Maggot (Trypeta pomonella). The adult of this Apple 

 Maggot is a fly which deposits its eggs in the apple, and the maggots 

 tunnel the fruit in every direction. They pupate in the ground or under 

 any convenient cover. 



Treatment. Prompt destruction of wind-falls. Spraying is not ef- 

 fective. 



3. The Plum Curculio {Conotrachelus nenuphar.) This curculio 

 does more harm in Ontario than the Apple Curculio, The fruit is often 

 badly punctured and disfigured. 



Treatment. Arsenical sprays will do much to control this insect, 

 but so long as plum trees are uncared for, there will be much injury to 

 apples. 



4. Green Fruit W'Orms {Xylina spp.) There are several species 

 of Green Fruit Worms. "There is but one brood in a year. They work 

 mostly in May, pupate in the soil in June, live as pupae during the sum- 

 mer and sometimes all winter, and most of the moths emerge in the fall 

 and hibernate, laying their eggs in the spring." (Slingerland). 



Treatment. Spray with arsenic solution before the blossoms open ; 

 cultivate ground in summer to kill the pupae. 



