12 WILD MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Arctium lappa L. Aster family ( Asteraceae). 



,St/nonyia. — Lappa major Gaertn. 



Lappa; burdock; cockle-button; beggars' -buttons; bardane. 



Coarse, biennial weed, 4 to 9 feet high, introduced from the Old World, and 



occurring along roadsides and in fields and waste places in the Eastern and 



Central States. 

 'arts used. — Root of this or of other species of Arctium collected from plants of 



first year's growth (official). The fresh leaves and the seeds are also used 



(non official). 



Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Heath, family (Ericaceae). 



Manzanita. 



A shrub-like tree, 9 to 25 feet high, growing in California, in dry, rocky dis- 

 tricts on the western slopes of the Sierras. 



Part used. — Leaves (nonofficial). 

 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L. ) Spreng. Heath family (Ericaceae). 



Uva-ursi; bearberry; upland-cranberry. 



Low, evergreen perennial, with trailing stems, native in rocky or dry, sandy 

 soils from the Middle Atlantic States north to Labrador, westward to Califor- 

 nia and Alaska. 



Part used. — Leaves (official). 

 Arisaema triphyllum (L. ) Torr. Arum family (Araceae). 



Synonym. — Aram triphyllum L. 



Indian turnip; wild turnip; wake-robin; Jack-in-the-pulpit. 



Native, perennial herb, 10 inches to 3 feet high, found in moist woods from 

 Canada to Florida, west to Kansas and Minnesota. 



Part used. — Partially dried corm (nonotticial). 



Aristolochia reticulata Nutt. Birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae). 



Serpentaria; Texas serpen taria; Texas snakeroot; Red River snakeroot. 

 Perennial herb, about 1 2 feet in height, native in the Southwestern States, occur- 

 ring on river l)anks from Arkansas to Louisiana. 



Parts used. — Rhizome and roots (official). 

 Aristolochia serpentaria L. Birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae). 



Serpentaria; Virginia serpentaria; Virginia snakeroot. 



Native, perennial herb, 10 inches to 3 feet high, found in rich woods from Con- 

 necticut to Michigan and southward. 



Parts used. — Rhizome and roots (official). 

 Arrowwood. See Viburnum dentaturn. 

 Arrowwood, Indian. See Euonymus (dropvrpureus. 

 Artemisia abrotanum L. Aster family (Asteraceae). 



Southernwood. 



Shrubby, perennial herb, about 2 to 4 feet in height, occurring in waste places 

 from Massachusetts to Nebraska. Adventive from Europe. 



Part used. — Herl) (nonofficial). 

 Artemisia absinthium L. Aster family (Asteraceae). 



Absinthium; wormwood; absinth. 



Shruljby, perennial herb, 2 to 3 feet high, naturalized from Europe, and occur- 

 ring in waste places and al(jng roadsides from Newfoundland to New York and 

 westward. 



Parts used. — Leaves and tops (official in I^. S. P. 1890). 

 Artemisia vulgaris L. Aster family (Asteraceae). 



Common mugwort. 



Perennial herb, 1 to 3i feet high, naturalized from Europe; found in waste 

 places, Nova Scotia to the Middle States and westward to Michigan. 



Part used. — Herb (nonofficial). 



