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74 WILD MEUTCIISrAL PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Viburnum opulus. >See Viburnum opiilus L. 



Viburnum opulus L. Honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae). 



Viburnum opulus; cramp-bark; high-bush cranberry; squawbush. 



Indigenous shrub, 4 to 10 feet in height, found in low, rich woods and borders 

 of fields from New Jersey, Michigan, and Oregon, northward. 



Part used. — Bark (official). 

 Viburnum prunifolium. See Vihurnum lentago and V. prunifolium L. 

 Viburnum prunifolium L. Honeysuckle family ( Capriioliaceae ) . 



Bla(;k haw; sloe; stagbush. 



Indigenous shrub or small tree, growing in dry woods and thickets and on rocky 

 hillsides, Connecticut to Florida, west to Michigan and Texas. Most aVmn- 

 dant in the South. 

 Pcu't used. — Bark of the root of this species or of I', lentago official under the 

 name "Viburnum prunifolium." 



Viburnum, sweet. See Viburnum lentago. 

 Vine-maple. See Menispermum canadense. 

 Viola odorata L. Violet family (Violaceae). 



English violet; sweet violet; March violet. 



Low herb, native of Europe; escaped from gardens, Nova Scotia to New York 

 and New Jersey, and on the Pacific coast. 



Part used. — Flowers (nonofficial). 

 Viola pedata L. Violet family (Violaceae). 



Bird's-foot violet; wood-violet; snake-violet. 



Native plant, perennial, 3 to 10 inches high, occurring in dry fields and on hill- 

 sides from Maine to Minnesota, south to Florida and Missouri. 



Parts Msed.— Herb and root (nonofficial). 

 Viola tricolor L. Violet family (Violaceae). 



Pansy; heartsease. 

 Small herb, 4 to 12 inches high, introduced from Europe; found in waste places, 



sparingly escaped from gardens. 

 Part used. — Flowering herb (nonofficial). 



Violet, bird's-foot. See Viola pedata. 



Violet, dog's-tooth. See Erythronium americanum. 



Violet, English. See Viola odorata. 



Violet, March. See Viola odorata. 



Violet, rattlesnake-. See Erythronium aniericaniim. 



Violet, snake-. See Viola pedata. 



Violet, sweet. See Viola odorata. 



Violet, wood-. See Viola pedata. 



Violet-bloom. See Solarium dulcamara. 



Virginia creeper. See Parthenocissus quinquefolia. 



Virgin' s-bower. See Clematis mrginiaiiu. 



ViscumflavescensPnrsh. ^iame as Phoradendr on ft avescens. J 



Vomitwort. See Lobelia inflata. J 



Wafer-ash. See Ptelea trifoUatu. 



Wahoo. See Euonymus atropurpureus. ' ] 



Wake-robin. See Arisaema triphyllum and Trillium erectum. " 



Walnut, white. See Juglans cinerea. 



Wai'twort. See Gnaphaiinm uliginosum. 



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