S2 The Bulletin. 



cows that did not pay for their feed. One calf waa kept from a cow that did not 

 pay for her feed, but out of this bull. With her first calf she made 327 pounds 

 of butter for the year, or a profit of $fiO.OO. Now you would have by using this 

 good bull ten heifers making a profit each of $50.00 at least per year. You would 

 then have $500.00 the first year these heifers were fresh to pay on your good bull. 

 With this start we will be able to build up a good business and also to improve 

 our farms. 



I remember one old gully on my farm I used to slide down when a boy, causing 

 much trouble later. I never dreamed then of this ever being filled up, or I would 

 at least have objected, but to-day, with the help of some manure, that gully is 

 bringing a fine crop of pea hay instead of a fine spanking crop. The hills are in 

 pasture, brush put in gullies, galled ])laces healed, bushes cut along roadsides, and 

 good wire fences, for remember we can't raise stock without good fences. Bad 

 fences make bad stock, and bad stock makes bad neighbors. There's nothing worse. 

 I'll not say that any one's wife makes bad butter, as I suppose you all think, or 

 should think, your wife makes the best butter you ever ate; but I want to ask 

 the question, wliere does all the bad butter come from? You have all seen such 

 butter often in barrels in the back part of stores, and you are ready to say, "It's 

 shipped oil' for axle grease." 15ut it isn't. It is sent North, run through a reno- 

 vating plant, and shi])ped back South, where it retails for 40 cents per pound, 

 pcrhajjs from the same store where it was bought for 15 cents six months before. 

 It must go through the merchant, the express company, renovating company, 

 express company again, and back to the merchant and on to the consumer, each 

 getting their share of the profit. Another thing: millions of pounds of butter are 

 shipi)C'd here from Western creameries, good butter, too, and I haven't a word of 

 criticism; but let the West look after the Western States and North Carolina 

 after her own markets. We can't afl'ord not to. 



Ihen we see on the average farm all kinds, shapes and colors of chickens, as 

 varied as the rainbow. They do not lay any better when the breeds are mixed. 

 If for nothing more, it will help the looks of the farm to have all one kind. But 

 not only that, in putting them on the market they will bring from two to three 

 cents more per pound, and the eggs, if assorted and neatly packed, will bring from 

 fiive to seven cents more per dozen. Then, if twenty neighbors were each breeding 

 a difTerent variety, how easy it would be to fill any order! 



To accomplish the best breeding of live stock we must have some kind of organi- 

 zation, for to-day is the day of co-operation. We can meet at the dilferent farm 

 homes, discuss the problems of farming, the failures and successes, and have a 

 little institute occasionally of our own. We can build telephone lines, buy our 

 feed and machinery togotiicr, sell and buy live stock by the wholesale. 



Three years ago we had only two separators in our county. To-day there must 

 be fifty. Our association has established a successful co-operative creamery and 

 fresh-egg business. We have been able to run the only strictly agricultural fair 

 in the State; no midway, gambling dons, fortune tellers, etc., are allowed. We 

 have also induced our county commissioners to go to work on better roads by 

 taxation. Many things can be accomplished by co-operation. 



TYPES, BREEDS AKD BREEDING OF FARM ANIMALS. 



DR. G. A. ROBERTS. 



By way of introduction, permit me to say that, in having observed farming and 

 live stock raising in the North, South, East and West, it appears to me that most 

 of us could materially profit by breeding and raising more animals. Profitable 

 in two ways: First, directly, from the use or sale of such animals; and second, 

 by maintaining and increasing the productivity of our soils. The increase in 

 number of animals upon our farms should be made gradually, that we may 

 accommodate ourselves and conditions to care for more. Such an increase would 



