I. ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS, 

 FALL SEASON, 1909; SPRING SEASON, 1910. 



By B. W. KILGORE, 

 W. G. HAYWOOD, J. M. PICKEL, J. Q. JACKSON and W. H. STROWD. 



The analyses presented in this Bulletin are of samples collected 

 by the fertilizer inspectors of the Department, under the direction of 

 the Commissioner of Agriculture, during fall months of 1909 and the 

 spring months of 1910. They should receive the careful study of 

 every farmer in the State who uses fertilizers, as by comparing the 

 analyses in the Bulletin with the claims made for the fertilizers 

 actually used, the farmer can know by or before the time fertilizers 

 are put in the ground whether or not they contain the fertilizing 

 constituents in the amounts they were claimed to be present. 



TERMS USED IN ANALYSES. 



Water-soluble Pliosplioric Acid. — Phosphate rock, as dug from the 

 mines, mainly in South Carolina, Florida and Tennessee, is the chief 

 source of phosphoric acid in fertilizers. 



In its raw, or natural, state the phosphate has three parts of lime 

 united to the phosphoric acid (called by chemists tri-calcium phos- 

 phate). This is very insoluble in water and is not in condition to be 

 taken up readily by plants. In order to render it soluble in water and 

 fit for plant food, the rock is finely ground and treated with sulphuric 

 acid, which acts upon it in such a way as to take from the three-lime 

 phosphate two parts of its lime, thus leaving only one part of lime 

 united to the phosphoric acid. This one-lime phosphate is what is 

 known as water-soluble phosphoric acid. 



Reverted Phosphoric Acid. — On long standing some of this water- 

 soluble phosphoric acid has a tendency to take lime from other sub- 

 stances in contact with it, and to become somewhat less soluble. This 

 latter is known as reverted or gone-back phosphoric acid. This is 

 thought to contain two parts of lime in combination with the phos- 

 phoric acid, and is thus an intermediate product between ;vater- 

 soluble and the original rock. 



Water-soluble phosphoric acid is considered somewhat more valu- 

 able than reverted, because it becomes better distributed in the soil as 

 a consequence of its solubility in water. 



Available Phosphoric Acid is made up of the water-soluble and re- 

 verted ; it is the sum of these two. 



Water-soluble Artimonia. — The main materials furnishing am- 

 monia in fertilizers are nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, cotton- 

 seed meal, dried .blood, tankage, and fish scrap. The first two of 

 these (nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia) are easily soluble 



