72 



The Bulletins. 



tion. This smut can be entirely prevented by treating the seed by formalin or 

 40 per cent formaldehyde, which can be procured from any drug store, costing 

 from between thirty cents and $1 a pint. To treat the seed mix formalin in 

 with water at the rate of one ounce to three gallons. One gallon of this mixture 

 is sufficient to treat one bushel of seed oats. Spread the oats out on a smooth 

 floor or hard, smooth ground. Spray or pour the formalin mixture upon them: 

 shovel back and forth and mi.x thoroughly; cover over with blankets overnight 

 and the danger from smut is eliminated. The seed may then be dried and drilled. 

 Wheat 8mut. — There are two kinds of smut on wheat, one which remains in 

 the grain and has a foul smell. This is the stinking smut. The other falls out 

 and leaves only the bare stalk standing. This is a loose smut. The stinking 

 smut can be treated with the same treatment recommended for oats. The loose 

 smut is not prevented by this treatment. Loose smut is carried in any seed 

 which comes from a diseased field. No seed from a field bearing loose smut 

 should be used. If such is the only seed available it can be cleaned up by a rather 

 diflBcult process, directions for which can be secured in a Bulletin which can l>e 

 had by writing to the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 



RUST. 



Apple. — Apple rust is a disease which may be readily recognized by its yellowish 

 spots, often with an orange center, occurring upon the leaves. On the lower side 



Fig. 188 — Cedar apple, gall of the rust funpus. 



Fig. 28 — Apple leaf affected with rust. 



of the leaf spot is a warty outgrowth. This apple rust is particularly prevalent 

 throughout the eastern riodmont sections of the State and is often very de- 



