14 



The Bulletin. 



The middlings will include some flour and some of the finer particles 

 of the oat groat. They are styled No. 1 and 'No. 2, because one is a 

 coarser product that the other, having been sifted through different 

 sized screens. 



Nubbins or heads consist of the portion that comes off in the 

 clipping of the oat. They include the small ends of the groat and 

 also a very small portion of the end of the hull. 



Dust is the little silken ends or hairs that grow at the end of the 

 groat, and are taken off in the course of manufacture. 



The following table shows the composition of whole oats and 

 various by-products described above: 



ANALYSES OF OAT PRODUCTS. 



Fat 

 (NX6.25) ^Sact). 



Protein 



% 



% 



Fiber. 



% 



Nitrojen- 



frce 

 Extract. 



% 



Water. 



Ash. 

 % 



From these analyses it will be seen that the hulls have very little 

 value as a feed, while the other products are comparatively rich in 

 the nutritive elements, being high in protein and fat and low in fiber. 



These by-products are put on the market in the form of oat feeds, 

 which are mixtures of the several by-products in varying proportions 

 according to the quality of the feed that the manufacturer wishes to 

 make, and they are also used to a considerable extent in mixed feeds, 

 usually sold under a trade name, where they are mixed with alfalfa 

 meal, cracked corn, corn meal, etc. 



The objection to the use of oat hulls in feeds has been that un- 

 scrupulous manufacturers have used them in large amount in mixed 

 feeds and covered up their identity by the use of molasses or syrup. 

 In this way they have come to be classed with the feed adulterants. 

 When used as a diluent for the more concentrated oat products in 

 the same manner that cotton-seed hulls are used to dilute the con- 

 centrated cotton-seed meal there can be no more objection to their 

 use than there is to the use of cotton-seed hulls, provided they are not 

 used in excess, and their presence is shown by the proper labeling. 

 As will be seen from the analyses above, a very satisfactory 

 feed can be made by properly mixing these products which 

 can be used as an oat feed or mixed with other materials in making 

 the mixed feeds which are in large demand on the markets at present. 



