26 The Bulletin. 



5. Pruning tools of different kinds were shown and their uses ex- 

 plained by the demonstrator. 



6. The tree was pruned and the principles of pruning and the why 

 and wherefore of each step explained while the work was being done. 



7. The pruned and unpruned trees were compared. 



8. How to properly remove a limb and treat the resulting wound 

 was demonstrated. 



9. Different kinds of trees were pruned. For example, apple, 

 pear, peach, plum, etc. 



10. The pruning and training of a young tree were explained and 

 demonstrated. 



11. Methods of renovating old and neglected trees were shown. 



12. Tools were distributed to those present and trees were pruned 

 by them, under the direction of the demonstrator. 



13. A general discussion of the subject of pruning followed these 

 demonstrations, and questions were freely asked and answered. 



SPRAYING, BY FRANKLIN SHERMAN, JR., ENTOMOLOGIST. 



At the conclusion of the pruning work described above a demon- 

 stration was given of the spraying of fruit trees, to prevent damage 

 by insects and diseases, and to improve the quality of the fruit. The 

 general method followed was similar to that of the pruning demon- 

 stration, and the trees which had already been pruned were used in 

 the spraying demonstration. 



1. A brief account was given of the most serious orchard insects 

 which are combated by spraying, and when present these were pointed 

 out in their actual natural location on the trees. 



2. A complete barrel-spraying outfit for commercial orchards and 

 a complete bucket outfit for family orchards were exhibited, explained 

 and put together, ready for work. 



3. The manner of measuring out and dissolving the ingredients for 

 making the Bordeaux Mixture and Paris Green was explained and 

 the mixture was prepared before the audience. 



4. The trees were thoroughly sprayed, the process being fully ex- 

 plained in every detail. Members of the audience were encouraged 

 to take part in the work. 



5. Different nozzles and extension rods were used to show their 

 adaptability to different uses. 



6. A general discussion of the subject of spraying followed, with 

 the asking and answering of questions. 



Twice during the growing season a representative of the Depart- 

 ment went to these orchards again, each time giving another applica- 

 tion of the same spraying mixture. 



It would be very desirable to give more demonstrations of this kind 

 in the future, not only in the western counties, but in the piedmont 

 and eastern sections as well — particularly in counties where fruit is 



