TiiK Bulletin. 11 



tore or orchard, and some that is so rough that it would better have 

 i-emained in virgin forest. 



Fruit production, that of apples in particular, has been extensively 

 developed in many localities. There are thousands of acres that are 

 too rough for the production of general farm crops, but which ate 

 admirably adapted to the production of apples. Grain farming could 

 be more extensively developed, however, and with better fertilization 

 would prove more profitable. Much of the section is suitable to live- 

 stock production, and combined with grain farming this should prove 

 profitable, and should aid materially in building up the fertility of 

 the often run-down farms. 



CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS. 



The soils of the Mountain section are somewhat analagous to those 

 of the Piedmont Plateau, but in all cases have been considered as 

 belonging to separate types. All the upland soils encountered so far 

 in the detail soil survey have been considered as belonging to the one 

 broad series known as Porter's. The various types of this series have 

 been formed from schist, gneisses and granites. The individual types 

 of this series are more dissimilar, perhaps, than is commonly the 

 case, but it has not seemed possible to form a new series in any of the 

 areas so far surveyed. With the extension of the survey to other 

 counties, it is very possible that representative types of other soil 

 series will be found. There is little doubt, however, that the great 

 bulk of the upland falls within the present limits of the Porter's 

 series. The two extensive upland soils are loam and sandy loam, 

 while three other types are represented by smaller areas. These are 

 the clay, sand, and black loam. 



The valley and bottom land soils are included in the Toxaway 

 series. These are of alluvial origin, modified by colluvial wash, and 

 have been formed from the washing of the -Porter's series and de- 

 posited by the streams. The surface of these soils is flat, or level 

 with a gradual slope towards the streams. They lie at sufficient 

 elevations above the normal water level of the streams so as to be 

 drained. However, most of these soils are subject to frequent over- 

 flow. The two types thus far found are the Toxaway loam and 

 Toxaway fine sandy loam. 



Following is a brief description of each of these seven important 

 types, including the average chemical and mechanical analysis of 

 each. Part of these chemical analyses are of samples prepared with 

 a I mm. and part with a 2 mm. sieve. As the percentage composition 

 is materially affected by these different methods of preparations they 

 are averaged separately. The mechanical analyses are taken largely 

 from published reports of the Bureau of Soils. The chemical analyses 



