22 The Bulletin. 



bugs will take to the mustard by preference, tbey will congregate in 

 great numbers. When ready to set out the cabbages, cover the mustard 

 with straw and burn, bugs and all. If this is not convenient, spray 

 thoroughly with pure kerosene, which will kill both the plants and in- 

 sects, or knock them off into pans with kerosene. By thus killing off 

 the early bugs before they have an opportunity to lay eggs on the cab- 

 bage, you may raise your crop in comparative safety, for while there 

 will no doubt be a good number of bugs to appear, they will not be so 

 abundant but that they can easily be kept in control by hand-picking. 

 In the spring the bugs may usually be found first upon seeding 

 turnips, which grow up about the garden, and at this season they have 

 the habit of congregating together, many on the same plant, instead of 

 scattering about. This makes it very easy to gather and destroy them. 

 But it must be remembered that this work must be done early in the 

 season, before they get on the cahbage. 



Hand-picking. — This method consists simply in picking the insects 

 off the plants by hand, or knocking them off into pans containing tar 

 or kerosene. It is about the only method now employed in this State, 

 but as it is generally practiced it is far more troublesome and far less 

 effective than it will be if the following suggestions are observed : 



1. The work of gathering and destroying the insects should begin 

 early in the season, before they become numerous, so that the work shall 

 not be so tedious, and also so as to kill off the early broods. 2. It 

 should also be done early in the day, as it is then cooler and more 

 comfortable to do the work and also the bugs are then stiff from the 

 chill of the night, and are more easily caught. 3. All through the early 

 part of the season search should be made for the eggs on the underside 

 of the leaves as well as the bugs, and all eggs found should be crushed. 

 4. The work of controlling the bugs by hand-picking will be much easier 

 if used in conjunction with the other methods here recommended. 



Spkaying with Kerosene Emulsion. — The young bugs (nymphs) can 

 be killed by spraying with kerosene emulsion. (See p. 40). For this 

 purpose either 10 per cent or 15 per cent oil may be used, the weaker 

 strength being preferable for the very young bugs and the stronger if 

 many of the bugs are advanced in growth. Care must be used in 

 preparing the emulsion to thoroughly mix the oil and the water. 

 In spring of 1904 when using emulsion for cabbage lice, we noticed 

 a slight injury to the leaves from 15 per cent oil, but not enough to do 

 serious damage. Prof. Smith found it effectual in dealing with the 

 young bugs, and says: "When used liberally a 15 per cent emulsion will 

 kill all the young and nearly mature nymphs that it comes in contact 

 with, and will kill some adult bugs. Before the wings are developed the 

 bugs are not so difficult to kill. When spraying with emulsion, many 

 bugs drop from the plants to the ground, and should be thoroughly 

 saturated where they lie, and this is quite important as very few will 

 live to return to the plants. Kerosene emulsion must be properly pre- 

 pared so that the oil does not readily separate, otherwise the plants 

 may be injured by the spray. Two or three sprayings at intervals of 



