24 The Bulletin. 



reach maturity after about September 1st, there will be comparativelj 

 few left to pass the winter. And if in the spring careful work be done 

 against the first bugs that come out before they lay their eggs greai 

 good will result, as these over-wintered bugs lay many more eggs than 

 the later broods. Bear in mind, it is the hugs that pass the winter 

 that appear to have '.he greatest power for harm. Kill them off before 

 winter comes, give them no place to hide in, and use every effort to 

 hill off such as do appear in spring before they lay their eggs. 



CABBAGE WORMS. 



{Several Species.) 



Order Lepidoptera. 



Description. — Green or grayish "worms" or caterpillars which fe'jd 

 on the leaves of cabbage and related plants, eating irregular holes or 

 sometimes stripping the leaves entirely, leaving only the midrib and 

 larger veins. 



Several Kinds of Cabbage "Worms. — The reader should understand 

 that there are several different and distinct hinds of cabbage worms, — all 

 of them, however, are the larvae (or caterpillar stage) of moths or butter- 

 flies. The one kind of which most complaint is made in North Caro- 

 lina is the imported cabbage worm, and the second in importance is the 

 cabbage looper. 



All told there are no less than five different insects which go under 

 the name of "Cabbage Worms" ; they are : 



Imported Cabbage Worm (Pontia rapw.) 



Cabbage Looper (Autographa brassiccv.) 



Native Cabbage Worm (Pontia protodice.) 



Cabbage Web-worm {Hellula undalis.) 



Diamond-back Moth (Plutella maculipennis.) 



Injury in North Carolina. — Over the State as a whole the cabbage 

 worms take rank along with the Cabbage Louse and the Harlequin Bug 

 as the three most serious insect pests of the cabbage, and perhaps the 

 worms do a greater total damage than any other. In the western part 

 of this State the cabbage worms are the greatest enemy to cabbage cul- 

 ture, and they are perhaps the only insects that give serious concern to 

 cabbage growers in that section, their injuries being so great as to 

 completely overshadoAV all others. It is not unusual to see field after 

 field in which every cabbage has ragged leaves, and upon examination 

 several different worms are found, the imported cabbage worm seem- 

 ing, however, to be the chief offender. It is true that the farmer sell? 

 the crop by the hundred-weight, and as only the solid head is sold, the 

 cabbage as it reaches the final market does not show the extent of injury 

 in the field. But the grower may rest assured that a plant with riddled 

 leaves can not possibly mature as heavy a head as if the leaves were 

 not injured. It is not only a question of the weight that the worms 

 actually consume ; the damage to the plant through loss of sap, drying 

 out, and the rotting of leaves, heads and stems that are attacked, is a 

 very considerable item. In the eastern part of the State where chief 



