The Bulletin. 33 



prevented from growing by the worms eating the bud, and the older 

 plants may be ruined in a few days if the worms are abundant. The 

 presence of web-worms is indicated by webs between the bases of the 

 leaves of cabbage, collard, etc., and in the crown of beets and turnips. 



Life History, etc. — The adult parent moths measure about three- 

 fourths inch across when the wings are spread. The front wings are 

 gray, marked with spots and stripes of darker and lighter color. The 

 hind wings are of lighter color. The moths are hidden during the day, 

 but fly about and lay their eggs at night. 



According to Mr. Chittenden* the eggs are laid singly or in masses, 

 and are first white but later change to a pink color. In three or four 

 days they hatch to the caterpillars, which feed on the plants and spin the 

 webs. When the caterpillars are full grown they spin tough silken 

 cocoons between the leaves or in the crown of the plant. Inside of these 

 cocoons they turn to the pupa stage, which is spindle-shaped and yellow- 

 ish-brown in color. The winter is passed in this pupa stage. 



remedies. 



Prof. E. I. Smith recommends spraying with poisons if the worms are 

 discovered early before they have completely covered themselves with 

 the webs. For this he recommends Paris green at the rate of one pound 

 to 125 gallons of water, using two pounds of lime, slaked, and added 

 to keep the green from settling too quickly. He also says that dry dust- 

 ing applications, to be effective, should be made with a powder dust 

 gun that will blow the mixture forcibly into all crevices. If one has a 

 dust gun no doubt much good would result from the use of Paris green 

 and lime as a dry dust application as already recommended for the other, 

 kinds of cabbage worms. (See page 27.) 



As the web-worms seem to prefer cabbage and turnips Prof. Smith 

 suggests that some of these might be planted early and kept thoroughly 

 poisoned as a protection to the main crop which is set out later. Also 

 the destruction of all remnants in fall and winter, either by burning or 

 feeding, will reduce their numbers, as many of them pass the winter on 

 such remnants. 



THE CABBAGE MAGGOT. 



(Pegomyia hrissicw.) 

 Order Diptera, Family Anthomyiidw. 



Description. — Small white worms or "maggots" that eat the outer 

 surface or burrow into the interior of stem and roots. 



Injury in N'orth Carolina. — Without a doubt the actual injury by 

 the cabbage maggot is much greater than the records in this office show. 

 We have very little complaint of its injuries, indeed it has been so 

 seldom mentioned in correspondence as to almost escape actual record. 

 In February, 1902, Mr. D. M. Stanton, of Lenoir County, made inquiry 



♦Bureau Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 23, p. 59 

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