106 The Bulletin. 



of the green or new feed niixecl with old or dry and gradually increasing the 

 new and decreasing the old. Idle animals should be given the run of a pas- 

 ture, if available, and if not, at least a shadetl, sheltered lot. Hard working 

 animals should be given pasture or green feeds very sparingly, if at all. 



They should not be given an extra, nor perhaps a full feed immediately 

 before being put to severe labor, nor should they have any feed on immedi- 

 ately coming from work when excessively hot and tired. In the hot summer- 

 time a little hay before the grain feed is often a wise practice. 



Water should be provided in abundance to all animals, preferably from a 

 deep well, spring, or rapidly flowing stream. Ponds and sluggish streams 

 should be guarded against; such water is more likely to contain disease- 

 producing germs and not infrequently parasites. 



Watering of work animals should be done before the noon and evening 

 meals and after the morning one. In hot weather they should also be allowed 

 water at least once between meals, and it is not a bad practice to allow a 

 chance at the trough after dinner, just before going to work. If animals 

 are watered sufficiently often they will seldom if ever drink to hurt them- 

 selves ; on the other hand, if restricted from water for some time when they 

 are hot, serious results, even a fatal one, may follow, if allowed to drink what 

 they will. 



CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF LIVE STOCK. 



By W. G. Chrisman, State Veterinahian, State Department of Agricctlture. 



Some of the most common and frequently met with diseases are cholera in 

 hogs, contagious abortion in cows, and shipping fever in horses. By no means 

 are these the simplest or mildest diseases just because we find them occurring 

 so frequentlj- ; in fact, they are quite serious and difficult to treat. In the 

 case of hog cholera, there is no treatment of any material value after the dis- 

 ease has once developed. The treatment in this case is preventive. Almost 

 all druggists and veterinarians of all ages have tried to discover or compound 

 some drug or combination of drugs that would prove a sure cure for hog 

 cholera, but all have been disappointed. Recently the United States Depart-. 

 ment of Agriculture discovered a serum or vaccine which will prevent hog 

 cholera. So popular has this serum become that many foreign countries have 

 adopted this method and are now making and using the serum by the thou- 

 sand doses. 



Several of the individual States have adopted the United States method and 

 are likewise making the serum in large quantities. The Department of Agri- 

 culture of this State, under the direction of the State Veterinarian, is making 

 the serum and supplying the hog breeders and farmers as they request it. 



The appropriation for this purpose is small; therefore the Department is 

 obliged to charge the farmer the actual cost of manufacture, which is 2Vj cents 

 per cc, 20 cc being the dose for a hog weighing from 100 to 100 itounds, thus 

 making the cost of immunizing a hog .")0 cents. Any farmer or hog breeder can 

 obtain the serum by applying to the Department of Agriculture. Italeigh, N. C. 

 To save yourselves inconvenience and delay when making an order for serum, 

 please state the number of hogs you wish to inject, also the average weight 

 (olherwisf we do not know any more about the quantity of serum necessary 

 than if you had not written at all). Then it becomes necessary for us to write 

 you for the number and weights and wait for you to reply before this 

 order can be filletl. This may be too late. This serum work is conducted on 

 a cash basis, so if you care to accompany your order by a check, it will not 

 be considered an insult. 



The time for you to think about ordering serum and injecting your hogs is 

 when the di.sease appears in your neighborhood in close proximity to your 

 own herd. 



The symiiloms of hog cholera : Pigs api)arently well at morning may be 

 dead at night; a redness of the skin; re<lne8s of the eyes; eyes likely closed 

 with a gluey discharge; a cough may be present: diarrhea, and loss of ap- 

 petite. 



