108 The Bulletin. 



affords. A few apples, turnips, carrots, a little green grass, and such like. In 

 short, give him good nursing and make him as comfortable as circumstances 

 will allow ; and, in fact, if circumstances or surroundings do not permit of 

 his being comfortable, change "circumstances." 



Be sure that no feed bucket, water bucket, halter, bridle, blanket, etc., used 

 for the sick horse are used for any well one until thoroughly disinfected ; for 

 if you do, that one will most likely contract the disease and you will have 

 the pleasure of nursing two instead of one. 



The drugs used in these cases are aromatic spirits of ammonia, alcohol, nux 

 vomica, as stimulants. Ammonia and alcohol, one to two ounces in a pint of 

 sweet milk or water ; nux vomica, one drachm in teacupful of water. The 

 ammonia and alcohol can be given every three or four hours. Nux vomica 

 once or twice daily. Nitrate of potash or sulphate of potash, one ounce daily 

 in three doses. Quinine, one-half drachm three times daily. One quart of 

 raw linseed oil at the outset of the disease. 



With this treatment the majority of the cases will recover nicely. 



BEEF CATTLE. 



All cattle are divided into or fall into certain classes according to the work 

 they do to best advantage. In other words, the disposition they make of the 

 feed they consume over and above the amount needed for maintenance deter- 

 mines this class. 



When we take into consideration that cattle are only machines for convert- 

 ing hay, fodder, and grains into some product for human food, and they are 

 the only machines or factories known that will convert those materials into 

 beef, milk, butter, and cheese, we get a much clearer conception of the real 

 meaning of beef cattle, milk cattle, or butter cattle. 



By beef cattle we mean those types of cattle which will use their surplus 

 feed to best advantage in the manufacture of beef. Of this type we have 

 three prominent breeds: Shorthorn, Hereford, and Aberdeen Angus. While 

 these are the three leading beef breeds, there are others, such as Red Poll and 

 Devon. By some writers the Red Poll and Devon are classed as dual pur- 

 pose; but for the present we will consider them beef breeds. 



Of the three breeds mentioned first, we can scarcely say one is better than 

 the other, for they belong on the same plain. It is a matter of choice or 

 preference with each man himself which he likes best, and then that becomes 

 the best for him. Every one of us will give our best attention and efforts to 

 the things we like best. Therefore, the breed of cattle we like best will give us 

 best results and becomes best for us. 



The two remaining breeds are good and in some sections are very popular, 

 but for strictly beef purposes are rather small and have a tendency toward 

 the dairy conformation. 



When we go into the business of producing beef we want the breed of 

 cattle that will produce that product at the least cost and in the greatest 

 quantities. Then it behooves us to select one of the best breeds. I say one 

 of the best In'ceds, and I mean one. Do not make the mistake that so many 

 have done and think that you can produce better steers by breeding together 

 two breeds than iiure-bred steers of either one. Just remember whenever you 

 breed together two distinct brcetls you are producing grades of both breeds 

 and going down hill. Again, when you breed together two distinct breeds 

 you are much more apt to confine the poor qualities of both breeds in the 

 offspring. As as example, and one that is connnonly practiced, if you breed 

 a Ilolstein cow, which produces a large quantity of milk but poor in butter 

 fat. to a Jersey bull, a breed which produces a small quantity of milk and 

 rich in butter fat, you are very likely and most apt to produce a heifer that 

 will produce a small amount of milk, the character inherited from the sire, 

 and that little poor in butter fat, the ch;iracter inherited from the dam. The 

 rever.se is, your desire, but you may be disappointed. Knowing those things, 

 and also being able to buy the pure-bre<ls of any breed we may fancy, let us 

 act wisely in the matter and purchase our foundation stock of pure breeding. 

 Surely, if we wanted a plow we would not go to the store or factory and buy 



