TlIK JiuLLETIN. 10!) 



:i Syracuse l)eam, an Oliver eliill mold hoard, a South lieiid landslide, and 

 Mount Joy point, and go home on the back porch, take a clawhammer and a 

 monkey-wrench to make a plow of these i)ai'ts. Well, it is just as ahsurd to 

 think we can make the dilferent breeds of cattle lit together and do the desired 

 work well. 



I take it wo do not expect to raise beef cattle, or any others for that matter, 

 except for the prolit they give us in consuming the products of our own farm, 

 converting them into beef and establishing a new channel through which to 

 market these products. 



Then, if this Is our desire, do as we would in purchasing a piece of ma- 

 chinery for any other purpose — buy the machine that was manufactured for 

 that i)articular purpose, and buy the best. The best is the one that will do 

 most satisfactorily the greatest amount of work and at the least cost. 



I am a great believer in beef cattle when we can make them consume our 

 farm crops at market price and save the trouble of hauling these away. 

 Unless we can figure market prices for our crops fed at home, then the feeding 

 or raising of cattle becomes a burden and not a profitable business. Yes, they 

 should do more than this. They should make us a profit above all cost of 

 feed, labor, and incidentals which always enter into any business proposition 

 or venture. 



PREPARING ORCHARD CROPS FOR MARKET. 



By S. B. Shaw, Assistant Horticulturist. 



The ultimate object of every fruit grower should be to place on the market 

 fruit that will attract and please the consumer. An observation of the mar- 

 kets in any of our cities Avill show that there is room for great improvement 

 in the preparation of fruit for market. Purchasers have certain likes and 

 dislikes that must be considered if fruit is to be disposed of profitably. The 

 time was when apples were just apples, and peaches, peaches, regardless of 

 the appearance and quality of the fruit; but nowadays the general public is 

 becoming more and more enlightened as to the superior qualities of certain 

 varieties. People have learned to discriminate against orchard products 

 placed on the market in an unattractive condition both as regards the fruit 

 itself and the package in which it is contained. 



With a soil and climate adapted to the production of superior fruit, there 

 is no reason why eastern and southern States should not produce fruits of 

 as good quality and attractive appearance as those of any of the northwestern 

 sections. They will do so when growers realize more keenly than they do 

 now that the old careless, haphazard methods of orcharding are becoming 

 obsolete; that they cannot shape their present or future course by methods 

 that prevailed a decade ago, and that have become archaic under the develop- 

 ment of modern business. It is generally believed that if the same care had 

 been practiced in growing, grading, and packing eastern and southern fruit 

 that is exercised in some of the western fruit districts, the western grown 

 fruit would not have made the inroads on eastern fruit that it has. There 

 is no comparison between the fruit belt of the east and that of the west so 

 far as markets, freight rates, etc., are concerned, and surely eastern and 

 southern fruit has the preference as to flavor. 



Each of the various products of the orchard has, to a certain extent, its 

 own particular characteristics, necessitating a different method of handling 

 for different markets. There are, however, several important rules that ap- 

 ply to the handling of every kind of fruit, regardless of the market. Cleanli- 

 ness, neatness, and uniformity are three qualities required in the preparation 

 of all fruits for securing and holding a select trade that will be profitable. 

 In order to develop these qualities it is necessary to give careful attention 

 to several points frequently overlooked by growers. One of the most im- 

 portant of these is the method of growing the crop. 



