NO. 2 DEICHMANN : HOLOTHURIOIDEA ; PART II, ASPIDOCHIROTA 313 



Spicules an external layer of tables with small or completely re- 

 duced disk, often with a few marginal spines ; spire well developed, with 

 one cross-beam and four erect and eight laterally projecting teeth; the 

 tables often partly reduced, with either disk or teeth resorbed. An inner 

 layer of scattered small perforated plates, mostly with two to four large 

 central holes and some smaller terminal ones, and a margin with blunt 

 teeth — a deposit definitely derived from the forked rod. Ventral feet 

 with large end plate and narrow to broad supporting plates, more or 

 less symmetrically developed, with numerous holes in the expanded ends; 

 dorsal papillae and feet with vestigial end plate or none, and curved to 

 straight rods with perforated ends. 



Color of preserved individuals ranging from almost black with a 

 reddish tinge to a dull putty gray with reddish warts, dark-tipped ap- 

 pendages, and black tentacles. 



Type: Ludwigothuria kefersteini is in the Museum of Compara- 

 tive Zoology; H olothuria inornata is in Hamburg. 



Type locality: Selenka's species came from Acapulco and Semper's 

 from Mazatlan, both on the west coast of Mexico. 



Distribution: Common in the Galapagos Islands and also reported 

 from Cocos, Clarion and Socorro Islands. On the mainland from Peru, 

 Ecuador, Panama, and Costa Rica, to the coast of Mexico. 



Depth: Shallow water, in lagoons. 



Specimens examined: Selenka's type and, thanks to Dr. Panning in 

 Hamburg, Semper's type; several individuals in various collections. 

 From the Hancock expeditions, 75 specimens collected at 40 stations. 

 Of these stations, 21 were in the Galapagos Islands, 2 at Socorro Island, 

 3 at Clarion Island, and the remainder ranged from Peru to the coast 

 of Mexico. 



Remarks: That H olothuria inornata was a synonym of Ludwig- 

 othuria kefersteini was unfortunately not realized until some time after 

 the Zaca report was published. H. L. Clark recognized that kefersteini 

 was a true Holothuria and not a Stichopus, but Panning was unaware 

 of this fact, hence the species was not included in his revision of the 

 genus Holothuria. He did recognize that H. inornata was related to 

 Ludwigothuria atra, and placed it in the same division. 



The types of Ludwigothuria kefersteini are small immature speci- 

 mens, while Semper's type measures about 20 cm in length. The Han- 

 cock material ranges in size from 2 to 20 cm and shows considerable 

 variation both in the external appearance and color and in the develop- 

 ment of the spicules. 



