184 AMERICAN SPIDERS AND THEIR SPINNINGWORK. 



Legs : 1, 2, 4, 3 ; yellowish brown in color ; strongly annulated at the joints, and 

 between the joints of femora and tibife. The palps are yellow ; the mandibles conical, 

 parallel, but divergent at the tips; dark brown. 



Abdomen : Subtriangular, or cordate ; as wide across tlie base as the length ; strongly 

 marked shoulder humps (Fig. 4b, side view) ujion the dorsum, which is yellow, mottled 

 witla undulating and transverse black bands, which constitute an irregular folium, occupying 

 most of the dorsum. The apical part of the abdomen is marked hy a black foliated figure, 

 in the centre of which may be seen the dark liranching lines so common in spiders. The 

 base of the abdomen appears to be divided into two parts by a natural constriction, which, 

 although it may have been caused by the shrinking of the skin in the abdomen, has been 

 represented in the figure. Underneath the color is yellow, mottled with black. (Fig. 4a. ) 

 The ventral pattern is a broad, black brown median band, bordered with yellowish white, 

 in the lower portion of which, near the spinnerets, are two whitish spots. The epigynum 

 has a horseshoe shaped atriolum (Fig. 4d), the ends and ridge of which are black ami 

 corneous. The scapus is short, narrow, but widening at the tip like a spoon. 



Distribution: Southern California, one female. 



No. 42. Epeira Nordmanni Thokell. Plate IX, Figs. 5, 6, 7; PI. XI, Fig. 5. 



1870. fjpeira Norchnaiuu, Thoeell . . . Synonyms European Spiders, p. 4 

 1884. Epeira Nordmaiuri, Ejierton . . N. E. Ep., p. 301, pi. 33, Fig. 6. 



Female: Total length, 15 mm. for largest specimen, smallest adult specimen, 9 mm.; 

 abdomen, 11 mm. long, 9 mm. wide; cephalothorax, 5.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; width of 

 the face, 2 mm. 



Cepiialotiiohax: A rounded oval, somewhat flattened on top; fosse a deep semicircular 

 pit; corselet grooves distinct, but interrupted; cephalic suture distinct; caput slightly 

 depressed ; surface smooth, without pubescence ; color, brownish yellow, with dark shades of 

 brown. Sternum shield shaped, bluntly pointed at the apex; raised in the middle; sternal 

 cones prominent, especially opposite coxte-I, III, most prominent of all in front of labium ; 

 sparsely covered with white hairs. Labium wide, obtusely triangular at tip ; at least half as 

 high as maxilla;, which are slightly longer than broad, tips subtriangular; color of sternum, 

 lip, and maxillfe dark brown, tipped with yellow. 



Eyes : Ocular quad elevated ; length slightly greater than frontal width, narrowest 

 behind ; IMF largest, separated by about one diameter ; MR separated by 0.7 diameter. Side 

 eyes on high tubercles; barely contingent; SF larger than SR ; MF separated from SF by 

 about 1.3 their area; SR from MR by from 2 to 2.5 area of latter. Olypeus about 1.5 

 diameters SIF high ; front row slightly recurved, the longer rear row slightly procurved. 



Legs: 1, 2, 4, 3 ; stout; armed with numerous yellow spines with brown liases, and 

 stout bristles ; color, yellow or cretaceous, with apical brown annuli ; femoia-I, II, in some 

 specimens are bright brown, in others j'ellowish brown. The palps stout, heavily armored 

 and yellow, except at tips of digital joints; mandibles conical; strong, slightly divergent at 

 tips, colored as cephalothorax. 



Abdomen: Triangular ovate; two prominent shoulder humps; the basal front slopes 

 toward cephalothorax, forming an equilateral triangle ; dorsum arched in a long triangle to 

 the spinnerets ; the apical wall about two-thirds the thickness of the base. Color yellow to 

 yellowish brown ; marked on the dorsal front by a light Y-shaped figure ; the arms of the 

 Y extend between the shoulder humps, thence following the median line. This bright 

 yellow baud passes onward with interruptions nearly to the apex. On either side of the 

 lower half is a row of five semilunar dashes of brown color, converging to the spinnerets ; 

 in some specimens on the lower part of the abdomen these marks are almost entirely 

 united by a band of brown, as in Plate IX., Fig. 5. The yellow color of the sides is 

 crossed by four or five series of brown lines, drawn from common points on the dorsum at 

 the margin of the folium, and widening as they pass around the sides toward the venter. 

 Ventral itattern a dark brown oval band, marked by two bright yellow roundish spots near 



