PAIRING OF SPIDERS. 



49 



The observer left them at 12.30 A. M. and returned at 7 A. M. Tlie 



male was still using his right palp. He saw no application of the left 



palp, but had no doubt that it was employed during the night, 



mpreg-- ^^^ ^^^ other cases. He had never observed the pairing interrupted 



for a fresh collection of semen, although there is no reason to 



think that this may not occur. The duration of the pairing is long, but 



he was inclined to think it is more dependent on the difficulty in inserting 



the embolos than on sexual endurance. 



in. 



The pairing of Xysticus trivittata Keyserling has been briefly described 

 by Mr. Emerton, and figured. ^ The spiders were seen on the 5th of June 

 among tlie short grass in an open pasture 

 in New England. The female held herself 

 head downward on a blade of 

 Pairing of gj-jj^gg^ with the abdomen turned 



^ ®^^ away only enough for the male 

 grades. j j n 



to reach under it with his palps. 

 There did not appear to have been any web 

 on the grass, though there may have been 

 a few threads for the female to hold by. 



Among Lycosids we have the descrip- 

 tion given by one of the earliest natural- 

 ists, Clerck, the Swedish observer.'^ He 



saw the pairing of Lycosa sac- 



Pairing of 

 Lycosids. 



cata about the middle of June, 



upon a rock exposed to the sun. 

 The two sexes approached by jumps, which 

 became fewer and slower as they drew near. 

 The male ended these preliminary stages 

 of courtship by suddenly leaping ujion the 

 female. He then passed one of his palps un- 

 der her abdomen, and, holding and inclin- 

 ing her body with the other, inserted first 

 one and then the other palp. When the 

 pairing was ended, the two sexes separated F's- 23. The pairing of the Laterigrade 



1 Q species, Xysticus trivittata. (From Nature.) 



and promptly ran away from one another.'* 



Emerton * says of the same family that the male leaps upon the back 

 of the female, and is carried about by her. He reaches down at the side 

 of her abdomen and inserts his palps into the epigynum underneath. The 



1 Psyche, Vol. V., 1889, page 1G9. 



2 Clerck, Aran. Svec, pages 91, 92, pi. 4, Tab. 5, Figs. 1, 2, male. 

 ' Walck., Apt., I., page 328. * Habits and Structure, page 95. 



