MATERNAL INSTINCTS: MOTHERHOOD. 203 



Nevertheless, it must be admitted that the entire actions of the spider 

 are such as one would expect from an individual that had been thorougiily 

 instructed, had acquired skill from experience, and was pursuing 

 Fore- ° '^ niatured plan witli all the evidences of forethought and skill. 

 thoug-ht. '^'" illustrate this fact, one may refer to the method practiced by 

 Argiope in making her cocoon. Notliing could be more indic- 

 ative of forethought than the manner of placing the eggs at the outset 

 upon the little saucer shaped disk prepared for their rece])tion, and which 

 are retained in their place by means of the silken sac swiftly woven 

 over them. The preparation of the thick padded purple mass which next 

 envelops this strikes our attention as indicating wise skill. The manner 

 in which this is woven so as to produce the loose substance that envelops 

 the eggs, and at the same time is compacted into a solid and shapely mass, 

 is certainly what the artisan might denominate a " mechanical job." 



Then, again, contrast the mode of weaving this object with that prac- 

 ticed upon the external case of the cocoon. As has been shown in full 

 detail, the method of spinning is here quite different, and corresponds 

 closely with the character of the fil)re to be spun. In other words, as it is 

 the intention of the mother to make the outer case a closely woven tissue, 

 instead of a loose mass like the i)urple pad above alluded to, she proceeds 

 to tighten the threads, bracing them upon each other and compacting 

 them by all the methods familiar to her spinning art. 



Nor can we fail to mention here the manner in which tlie service is 

 equalized so that every part is of nearly equal thickness and evenly dis- 

 tributed, so as to form the shapely pyriform cocoon familiar to most 

 wanderers in our fields. As has been explained, this is done by carrying 

 the silken filaments as they are outspun from point to point while the 

 spider circumambulates the surface. That such a practice requires a di- 

 recting purpose, and that such a method is the outcome of an express 

 design, seems the most manifest conclusion. The spider spins her cocoon 

 case very much after the manner in whicli a lady winds up a ball of silken 

 thread or of embroidering wool. One would think it as unreasonable to 

 saj' that the manner in which the ball in the lady's hand is shaped into 

 its globular form is without any directing purpose on her part, as that 

 the mother Argiope, in forming her cocoon ball, wraps the silken material 

 of which it is composed without any guiding purpose to keep it even. 



Take another example, to illustrate this point, the remarkable mud ball 



of Micaria limicuna?. The cocoon sac has been shown to be a white oval 



case within which the eggs are spun, and which is connected to 



The Mud gQ*j^^g surface by a little silken cord or pedicle attached to the 



Cradle 



Maker **^*1'' This sac made, the spider proceeds to cover it with mud, 



and so works that, when she has finished, the enclosing shell of 

 mortar is, with scarcely an exception in a large number of specimens ex- 

 amined, a well rounded globe. Now, how has the spider proceeded to 



