CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 33 



2. Four applications, wIhmi made just at the ri^ht time, are suffi- 

 cient to control tlic disease satisfactorily, l)ut in order to ])e sure of 

 covering the infection periods one or two additional applications may 

 be necessary. 



3. The applications should be made at intervals of two weeks, 

 beo-innino- about six weeks after the trees bloom. 



4. It is necessary to spray the trees thoroughly, coating the fruit 

 on all sides with tine mistdike applications. 



5. Other diseases, such as scab, leaf-spot, and sooty-blotch, may be 

 controlled in connection with the treatment of bitter-rot. 



For the treatment of bitter-rot alone, spray the trees thoroughly 

 with Bordeaux mixture at intervals of two weeks until five applica- 

 tions have l)een made, beginning not later than fort}' days after the 

 petals have fallen (in Virginia usually about June 10 to 15). 



For the combined treatment of apple scab and bitter-rot, spray the 

 trees with Bordeaux mixture (1) just before they bloom (but after the 

 cluster buds liave opened and exposed the flower Inids); (2) as soon as 

 the petals fall; (8) a week or ten days later; and (4) about forty to fifty 

 days after the shedding of the petals, and at intervals of two weeks 

 thereafter until, in all, seveu or eight applications have l)een made. 



It is true, of course, that the luuuber of applications required and 

 the dates on which they should be made depend to a considerable extent 

 upon the season, but the treatment should always begin before the 

 infection period, which maj' occur as early as fort}' to fifty da3's after 

 the fruit has set (in Virginia, perhaps In' the middle of June in some 

 seasons). 



In a dr}' or cool season the intervals between the later sprayings 

 ma}' be lengthened, thus reducing the number of applications required, 

 provided the frviit is first thoroughly coated, which will necessitate at 

 least two applications. 



On the other hand, in a hot, humid season it will probably be neces- 

 sary to shorten the intervals and increase the total number of appli- 

 cations. 



Should, for anv reason, the treatment be delaNcd until after it is 

 discovered that infection has taken place, the trees should be thor- 

 ough' sprayed twice in rapid succession with an interval of only a few 

 days, in order to coat the frui*: thoroughly as quickly as possible. With 

 one application alone it is difficult to coat the fruits sufficiently to pro- 

 tect against bitter-rot, and the second application, which adheres better 

 than the tirst on account of the presence of the previous coating and 

 also reaches parts of the fruit not touched before, is necessary for 

 thorough protection. 



