WRAPPING APPLE GRAFTS AND ITS RELATION TO CROWN-GALL. 15 



thread whatever, the pieces being- .simply tittcd toj^cthcr with 

 care. All j>iafts made were of the type known as tongue or whip 

 grafts. The work was done by an expert, so that all of 

 the grafts may 1)C considered as especially well made. No. 1 Kan- 

 sas roots and a selected lot of scions of the following varieties were 

 used: Winesap, York Imperial. Wealthy. Missouri, and Northern Spy. 

 The grafts were made in Febi-uarv, 1!H)5. They were stored in chopped 

 excelsior for about six weeks, were then planted in eight diffei-ent locali- 

 ties in Missouri. Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska. Kansas, and Arkansas, and 

 given the usual cultivation during the summer. All showed a fair stand 

 in November, 1905. Some of the grafts were dug in November, and 

 December, 1905, one-third of the total number planted in live test plats 

 in four Sttites being dug. The results obtained are given later. 



MANNER OF WRAPPING. 



The manner in which the wrapping was made and the material used 

 may be brietiy described as follows: 



Cloth. — The cloth used was a cheap black calico of the poorest 

 grade obtainable in the market. This was torn into strips 1 inch wide 

 and 4 or 5 inches long. Aft<'r the graft was made, one end of the cloth 

 was dipped for one-half inch into hot melted grafting wax. Starting 

 with the other end, the cloth was then wrapped tightly around the scion 

 and the free waxed end pressed down. This completed the operation. 



Rnhher. — The rubber used was of a qualit\^ similar to dental rubber, 

 which is also frequently used for insulating wires. It was bought in 

 rolls 1 inch wide, and was cut otf in such lengths as were necessary to 

 completely envelop the union. The rubber was usually wrapped so as 

 to go around the union twice, and the free end was fastened with rubber 

 cement applied with a brush. 



Waxed ]vipe)\ — Sheets of ordinary unglazed printers' paper were 

 waxed ou one side by coating them "with hot grafting wax applied with 

 a paint brush. They were then cut into inch strips. 10 to 20 sheets 

 being cut at one time, and these again into strips about 4 or 5 inches 

 long. One paper strip was then wrapped around the union, the waxed 

 side toward the graft, the free end being stuck down by pressing it on. 



Plain thread. — The thread used for the ordinar}^ grafts was a 

 machine cotton. No. 9. 



Waxed thread. — The thread used was a machine cotton. No. 28. 

 This thread was soaked in hot grafting wax until thoroughly penetrated 

 and was then allowed to drain while hot. 



Plain thread tvith union waxed. — These were ordinary grafts made 

 with plain thread, wrapped as previously described, and then coated 

 with melted grafting wax nearly at the point of hardening. 



100—11 



