176 



THh ALUMNI JOURNAL. 



talline salts with the halogens] and nitric acid, 

 the acetate, sulphate and oxalate do not crys- 

 tallize ; the platinochloride is amorphous, in- 

 soluble in water and alcohol ; its empirical for- 

 mula being C15H22NO2. Cephaelin crystal- 

 lizes from ether in silky needles ; melting 

 point being 96 98°C.; its salts are not crystal- 

 line; its empirical formula is C14H20NO2. 

 Commercial enietin consists of a mixture of 

 both bases. Physiological experiments have 

 shown that both possess like emetic proper- 

 ties. V. C. 



Bottles for Containing Poisonous Substances. 

 — An improvement consists of a metallic band 

 fastened round the neck of a bottle, this supports 

 a vertical rod or wire terminating in a ring or 

 loop, so that a bottle containing poisons are 

 provided with this attachment may be dis- 

 tinguished from other bottles. The wire ring 

 attached to its vertical support and standing 

 over the mouth of the bottle, may also serve as 

 funnel holder. — A. Reed in Jour. Soc. Chem. 

 Ind., i8g4, 788. 



Tincture Ergotcr Amnioniata. — ^J, T. Horn- 

 blower thinks that this preparation remains 

 clear on adding water to it because the oil (fixed) 

 of the ergot and the soap formed from it by the 

 ammonia, respectively removes part and pre- 

 vents the remainder of the essential oils from 

 being thrown down from solution; this.however, 

 can only apply when the whole of the tincture 

 has been in contact with the ergot as in percola- 

 tion — for if made by maceration, and any defici- 

 ency in quantity of finished tincture made up by 

 adding Spirits Ammon. Arom., a cloudiness 

 would be produced, dependent on the amount 

 added. — Pharm.Jour. Trans., i8g4, 242. 



KCIO i Manufacture. — An improvement in 

 manufacture (F. Hunter) consists in electrolys- 

 ing the solution of potassium chloride in a 

 metallic vessel which forms the outside. This 

 is coated inside with a mixture of Portland 

 cement, salt, sand and water which forms a 

 porous diaphragm. The anode consists of a sheet 

 or sheets of platinum.— _/<9«r. Soc. Chem. Ind., 

 i8g4, Sio. 



Human Milk and Cow's Milk. — One of the 



best distinctions is in the nature of the casein. 



Casein from cow's milk contains 6.6 per cent, of 

 calcium phosphate, whilst that from human 

 milk contains 3.2 percent. The mean ash con- 

 tent of casein from cow's milk is 7.2 per cent. 

 It appears that the whole of the phosphorus in 

 the casein molecule is present in the form of a 

 phosphoric acid, and two series of researches 

 gave respectively 1.18 per cent, and r.50 per 

 cent, of P.> Or, in the casein molecule. It fur- 



ther appears that casein is a double compound 

 of calcium casein and calcium phosphate — the 

 properties represented by the formula Ca., 

 [P04J2, Ca casein. There seems to be no 

 doubt but that cow's milk casein and human 

 milk casein are two distinct substances, [i] 

 They differ in amount of calcium phosphate, 

 and, [2], in sulphur contents, the casein of hu- 

 man milk containing 1.09 per cent, of this 

 element. 



The coagulation of cow's milk and woman's 

 milk by acids is characteristically different. In 

 cow's milk the precipitated casein collects in 

 flocks and sinks to the bottom, that in human 

 milk does not settle. The difference is traced 

 to the fact that the proportion of fat to casein in 

 the precipitate from cow's milk is so much 

 lower than that from human milk. In order to 

 make an artificial human milk which shall 

 resemble the natural secretive as closely as pos- 

 sible, cow's milk should be diluted with water 

 until its casein contents is identical with that of 

 human milk, and cream, milk sugar, and white 

 of egg should be added until the mixture con. 

 tains the properties of fat, sugar and albumen in 

 human milk. — ^J. Lehman and W. Hempel in 

 Archivf. Physiol , 1894, 558. 



Saligenin. — Through the action of acids and 

 ferments (emulsin saliva, etc.) Salicin is split up 

 into saligenin and glucose. This same reaction 

 takes place in the human organism, when 

 salicin is taken internally ; yielding, however, 

 only 43 per cent, of saligenin. A dose of 12 

 Gm. of salicin corresponds to about 5.2 Gm. 

 saligenin. It has been proposed therefore to 

 administer saligenin instead of salicin in the 

 treatment of malaria, rheumatism, typhus 

 fever, etc , being particularly adapted for dis- 

 peptics. 



Von Heyden of Radebeul have succeeded in 

 preparing this synthetically through the conden- 

 sation of phenol with formaldelyde, as the fol- 

 lowing equation will illustrate : 



CH 



Saligenin. 



