78 



THE ALUMNI JOURNAL, 



warmth and friction. As soon as he can 

 swallow administer hot stimulating 

 drinks. A cup of black coffee combined 

 with a couple of ounces of whiskey in 

 tablespoonful doses is one of the best in- 

 ternal stimulants. Keep this up until 

 consciousness is fully restored and the 

 patient is out of danger. I have thus 

 dwelt at some length upon this method 

 of treatment, because it is applicable in 

 all varieties of asphyxiation or smother- 

 ing whether due to drowning, coal gas, 

 illuminating gas or other causes. 



Wounds. These may be incised, lacer- 

 ated or contused. Then we have gun- 

 shot wounds and wounds produced by 

 the bites of rabid animals or serpents. 

 An incised wound is one made with a 

 sharp or cutting instrument such as a 

 knife, razor, or piece of glass and is apt 

 to be attended by more or less hemor- 

 rhage, according to the depth or locality. 

 If the bleeding is slight it may be stopped 

 by simple cold water or the application 

 of a piece of dry cotton. Wash out any 

 impurities with a little carbolized water 

 (3ss— oii ) , bring the edges together and 

 place a piece of clean, soft, folded linen 

 or sheetlint over the wound and a little 

 bandage placed over this. For the little 

 household cut, a small piece of adhesive 

 piaster after bleeding stops, with perhaps 

 a little bandage to hold it in position, is 

 about all that is necessary. 



Contusions. — These are simply bruises 

 in which the skin is not broken. The 

 parts are liable to become black and blue 

 from injury to the small blood vessels 

 under the skin. I^ay on the bruise a 

 soft cloth saturated with a weak solution 

 of laudaniim in water, or equal parts of 

 alcohol and water or witch-hazel extract. 

 If the contusion has been severe and is 

 located about the chest or abdomen some 

 of the internal organs may have been 

 injured, we then have other symptoms 

 supervening. If the lungs have been 



damaged we have coughing and spitting 

 of blood ; if the stomach, vomiting of 

 blood. There may also be pallor, faint- 

 ing, depression and all the signs of shock 

 and the case requires the treatment for 

 that condition. If an internal organ 

 protrudes, for instance a bowel, wash it 

 off, carefully, by squeezing warm weak 

 carbolized water over it, and after being 

 sure it is perfectly clean restore it gently 

 to its position. 



Torn or Lacerated f-F(?^^?^^5. --The.se have 

 rough or jagged edges and are not liable 

 to bleed very much. Cleanse the wound 

 thoroughly with warm water, la}^ a wet 

 cloth over it and bandage snugly and 

 comfortably. If a hand or foot is crushed 

 simply make the patient as comfortable 

 as possible, look out for symptoms of 

 shock or hemorrhage and wait for the 

 doctor. The same indications apply to 

 gun-shot wounds. 



Poiso7ied Wounds, — These are caused 

 by the bites of rabid dogs, poisonous 

 serpents or insects, or the entrance of 

 any poisonous substance under the skin. 

 Treatment: First, prevent the spreading 

 of the poison through the system. Bind 

 anything at hand tightly around the 

 limb a few inches above the wound. A 

 string or handkerchief or an elastic sus- 

 pender will answer. The second object 

 is to neutralize or remove the poison in 

 the wound. Oip the proximal end of a 

 match or a bit of soft wood into strong 

 nitric carbolic, or other powerful acid 

 and rub every part of the inside of the 

 wound with it. A stick of nitrate of 

 silver will answer or the actual cautery 

 in the shape of the white hot-end of a 

 knife blade, or a knitting needle may be 

 used in the absence of the desired chemi- 

 cals. The construction may be removed 

 after cauterizing. It there is any doubt 

 as to whether the dog was mad or not it 

 is safer to cauterize. Snake bites are 

 treated in the same way, but when symp- 



