THE ALUMNI JOURNAL. 



45 



foot in Peru, and immediately proceeded, 

 via Lima, to the Andes, which he crossed 

 in May, by the Tarnia road. Unfortun- 

 ately he happened upon a track where 

 the richer varieties of the Cinchona were 

 absent, and the only kinds he discovered 

 were : One to which he gave the name 

 of C. ovata (but which has since been 

 renamed C. pahudiana, C. pubescens 

 and C. amygdalifolia), of which he col- 

 lected the seeds, and C. lanceolata, of 

 which he secured plants. Hasskarl con- 

 tinued his journey to Cuzco, and thence 

 to Sandia, in the province of Caravaya, 

 on the Bolivian frontier, the home of the 

 best Calisaya trees. Having arrived too 

 late in the season to gather any seed, he 

 was forced to return without this prized 

 variety to Lima, whence he forwarded 

 the collected seeds by post to Holland. 

 The plants were sent on, via Panama in 

 Wardian cases ; but through some mis- 

 understanding they were returned to 

 Lima a few months later, and had all 

 died when they arrived there. In the 

 Spring of 1854 Hasskarl again set out 

 for Bolivia. War had broken out mean- 

 while between that country and Peru, 

 and the Bolivian frontier was closed to 

 all persons from the sister republic. 

 Hasskarl, under the assumed name of 

 Jose Carlos Miiller, therefore established 

 his headquarters at Sandia, as near the 

 Bolivian border as he could get, and 

 thence sent out expeditions to collect 

 Calisaya plants. In this he was fairly 

 successful and in June 1854. he returned 

 to the coast with 400 calisaya plants 

 (seeds he could not obtain) only to find, 

 when Arequipa was reached, that the 

 Dutch man-of-war which was to carry 

 the collection to Java, had left a few days 

 previously. He caught up to the ship at 

 Callas and reached Batavia on December 

 13, 1854. 



A few months after Hasskarl' s return 

 to Java, the ship in which his family 



were sailing from Holland to rejoin him, 

 foundered off the Dutch coast. Hass- 

 karl' s wife and his lour daughters were 

 amon ^!; the eighty passengers who per- 

 ished in the waves. Shortly after this 

 domestic calamity, Hasskarl had the 

 misfortune to differ from Dr. Junghuhn, 

 who had meanwhile returned to Java, 

 and among whose duties was that of su- 

 pervising the new Cinchona- culture, on 

 many vitalprinciplesof the system of culti- 

 vation. Hasskarl whereupon resigned his 

 post and left Java in 1 856, with all the hon- 

 ors of war, in the shape of many orders 

 and crosses, and a life pension. Since that 

 time Hasskarl has lived in retirement in 

 Germany, the recipient of many official 

 honors, and much beloved by his neigh- 

 bors in the little German frontier town, 

 where he spent the last thirty years of 

 his life. Notwithstanding the fact that 

 Hasskarl's South American mission pro- 

 duced no permanently successful results, 

 time has amply shown that the method 

 of Cinchona-culture advocated by him, 

 and (to some extent) also by Te5^smann, 

 were scientifically correct. 



CINCHONA IvBDGERIANA. 



It is a singular fact that the most valu- 

 able of all Cinchonas, the Ledgeriana 

 variety, was not introduced into the 

 Indies by any of the collectors especially 

 appointed by the British or Dutch gov- 

 ernments, but by a private trader in 

 South America, the late Mr. Ledger, 

 who collected the seeds with the assist- 

 ance of an Indian carrier, one Manuel 

 Inca Maemani. When the Bolivian 

 authorities discovered the part played by 

 this Indian cascarillero, they threw him 

 into prison for assisting the foreigner in 

 robbing the country of one of its chief 

 riches, and there he perished miserably. 

 — (Adapted from Cheni. and Drug., 

 1894, 73). 



