THE ALUMNI JOURNAL. 



NHg directly, forming crystalline oxy- 

 amides as chloral- anivionium 



-OH 



( 



Chloramid C CI3— CH< 



NH., 



) 



a hypnotic, this on heating loses HjO 

 and yields chloralimid (C Cl3-CH=NH) 

 also a hypnotic. Under the name of 

 chloralamid a compound of formula C 

 Cls-CHO-HCO.NH, is also designated, 

 this is formed by action of formamid 

 HCONHo on chloral, properly it is 

 chloral formamid, this is also hypnotic. 

 With alcohol, the aldehydes form the 

 so-called acetals, among which we have 



OCFT 

 methylal CH2<Cf^pTT^ a compound of 



formaldehyde and methyl alcohol, an 

 aromatic liquid hypnotic. The aldehydes 

 unite with hydrocyanic acid to form oxy- 

 cyanides (oxy-nitriles) for ex. \\\& chloral- 

 cyan-hydrin (C CI3-CHO-HCN) a cry.^t. 

 compound is proposed as substitute for 

 hydrocyanic acid. If a secondary alcohol 

 undergoes oxydation, we obtain a class 

 of bodies resembling aldehydes, called 

 ketones ; thus two hydrogens in methane 

 are replaced by a radical, and the other 

 two free bonds being satisfied by oxygen. 



^^^>CH— OH 4- 0=^^'> CO-f H,0 



Isopropyl Alcohol. Dimethyl Ketone Acetone. 



Ketones simple, are more readily pre- 

 pared by the dry distillation of the 

 calcium salts of the corresponding fatty 

 acids, 



CH3— COOM + CH^COOM^ 



An Acetate. Au Acetate. 



ch'>co+m,co3 



Dimethyl Ketone. 



If the fatty-acid salts be dissimilar, 

 then mixed ketones result thus ; 



CH3— COOM + CHs— COOM= 



An Acetate. A Benzoate. 



^^^>C0 + M,C03 



phenyl-methyl V^X.on^ox hypnon. an oily- 

 like liquid, hypnotic. If we cause one 



molecule of acetone to react with two 

 molecules of ethyl mercaptan we obtain 

 mercaptal, (di-thio ethyl-dimethyl-met- 

 hane) thus : 



CHg'-^^ ^ ^ HS— C,H5~^ 



CHs-^^^S— C3H,. 

 this on oxydation yields snlfonal (di- 

 sulfonethyl-di-methyl-methane) a crystal- 

 line hypnotic of formula, 



CH3-..^^p^^S07 — C2H5 

 CH3'^^^S02— C,H5 



We have a class of derivatives of car- 

 bonic acid, this is dibasic and forms amido 



^OH />NH3 



derivatives, thus : CO CO 



^OH ^OH 



Hypothetical Carbonic Acid. Carbamic .\cid. 



The hydrogen of the OH is replacable 

 by organic radicals (methyl-ethyl-propyl, 



^NH^ 

 etc) , thus : C=:0 giving rise to the 



^OR 



esters of carbamic acid generall}^ known 

 as tirethanes. Of this class ethyl urethane 

 is generally known in medicine as 



-^NH, 

 urethane C=0 crystalline, hyp- 



^O— C.H^ 



notic. The phenyl-ester 



^NH— CsH, 

 C=0 of this latter body is 



^O— C0H5 



the well known eiiphorhie, an antipyretic 

 and anti rheumatic. A combination of 

 ethyl-urethane with chloral is designated 

 as uraline or chloral urethane a hypnotic. 

 Replacing a H in one of the amido 



/ /NH^N 



groups in urea 



CO 



\ 



by the phene- 



-NH,/ 



tidine residue, dulcin results 

 ^NH— CoH.OCHg 



CO 



a principle being 



^NH, 



200 times sweeter than cane sugar. 



