EWAN: SAN FRANCISCO AS A MECCA FOR NINETEENTH CENTURY NATURALISTS 7 



Much less known than Lobb is Dr. Timothy Langdon Andrews, physician and 

 botanical collector, who reached San Francisco in November, 1849, and after a 

 month in the Bay city went to Monterey, the capital of the American colony. 

 There Andrews opened a school and in his leisure time made a large collection 

 of plants in the vicinity. In the summer of 1850 he made a two weeks' horseback 

 trip with William Lobb to the Mission San Antonio de Padua and into the 

 adjacent Santa Lucia Mountains. It is certainly possible that Dr. Andrews met 

 Dr. Parry during his stay at IMonterey, but in any event Dr. Andrews made 

 contact with Torrey and Gray, w^ho studied his collections. Gray named the 

 endemic tufted Galium of the Coast Ranges for him as a pleasant gesture of one 

 botanist to another. Later Andrews was an inspector of customs in San Francisco 

 and a newspaper journalist, and there he met Dr. Albert Kellogg of the Academy, 

 who must have been delighted w^th Andrews' wide experiences. Both had lived 

 and traveled in the South before reaching California, Kellogg being a brief resi- 

 dent of Charleston and Andrews of New Orleans. 



In the fall of 1850 two great figures in American science arrived in California 

 together: James Graham Cooper, the zoologist, and John Lawrence LeConte, 

 renowned student of beetles and cousin of Professor Joseph LeConte. Dr. Cooper, 

 son of William Cooper of New York, later became prominent in the history of 

 the West as an Army surgeon attached first to the Northern Pacific Railway 

 Survey, then to Mullan's Expedition. Between 1860 and 1862 Cooper was sta- 

 tioned at Fort Mojave, and from there he explored the almost unknown north 

 slope of the San Bernardino Mountains. In 1864 he served with the California 

 Volunteers. After the Civil War came a period as naturalist with the California 

 State Geological Survey. Brewer, whose judgments wxre generally fair, wrote 

 of him, upon the occasion of his first meeting in 1861 as "a man of more than 

 ordinary intellect and zeal in science, but I fear not a very companionable fellow 

 in camp." Cooper contributed to the text of T. F. Cronise's popular Natural 

 Wealth of California, published in 1868. From 1875 until his death in 1902 he 

 lived at Hayward, and his name is commemorated in that of the Cooper Ornitho- 

 logical Club, now "Society." Cooper was interested in mollusks and general 

 zoology, ethnology, and kindred subjects, several of which were the topics of 

 papers contributed to the early volumes of the American Naturalist. 



In the early days of California's statehood probably every tenth man was a 

 Frenchman. This was owing to two reasons : first, the natural attraction of gold 

 and the untried opportunities in new lands, and, second, the unsettled homeland 

 conditions of France resulting from the revolutionary movements of 1848 on 

 the Continent. One of the Frenchmen who left Paris then was Pierre Joseph 

 Michel Lorquin, pioneer collector of butterflies in California. He said that he 

 came in 1850 for "the number of new things he would be sure to get" ! Lorquin 

 traversed much of the State on foot from Plumas County to San Diego, wielding 

 his net and sending the specimens to J. A. Boisduval, who described 83 butter- 

 flies and twelve moths from Lorquin's collections. In 1852 Lorquin met Dr. 11. II. 

 Behr, who later presented Lorquin's duplicate butterfly types to the Academy, 

 but these were destroj-cd in tlie fire of 1906. The Lorquin's admiral, Basilarchia 

 lorquini (Boisduval), generally distributed throughout California, is a living 

 memento of this zealous collector of the 'fifties. 



The German physician, Frederick Adolphus Wislizenus, came to America 



