EVVAN: SAN FRANCISCO AS A MECCA FOR NINETEENTH CENTURY NATURALISTS 21 



have been more contrasting: where Brewer was modest, Gabb was bumptious; 

 Brewer was resilient in the face of inevitable adjustment, Gabb, reluctant. Gabb 

 came as an acknowledged authority on Cretaceous fossils. He is described as a 

 "distinctly loquacious person." Brewer was pleased when the serious, unbending 

 Dr. J. G. Cooper saw fit to name a new species of brachiopod Lingula gahhii! A 

 close friend of Gabb's in Philadelphia was George II. Horn, the entomologist, 

 who came to California the next year. 



Dr. George Henry Horn came to Camp Independence in Owens Valley in 

 1862, as a member of the Survey, after graduating from "Penn" the year before. 

 But the doctor soon turned from medicine to beetles, a field in which he became 

 a recognized authority. While in California Dr. Horn collected actively about 

 Fort Tejon, Fort Yuma, Surprise Valley, Warner's Ranch, and many other 

 localities. He occasionally made plant collections, particularly in the Owens 

 Vallc}^, and these may be found cited in the "Botany Report" of the Survey. The 

 year 1862 brought the establishment of the Department of Entomology at the 

 Academy, with Dr. Behr as Curator. He served first for five years and then a 

 second term from 1881 until 1904. 



A little known figure of this period was Dr. Charles Austin Stivers, U. S. 

 Army, who interested himself in collecting plants about the post in Mariposa 

 County. He brought his specimens to Dr. Kellogg and among them was the 

 remarkable endemic lupine which bears his name today. There is a record of 

 Dr. Stivers' interest in marine algae, too. 



The Prussian expedition to East Asia in 1860-1862 had as its geologist 

 and geographer Freiherr Ferdinand Paul Wilhelm von Richthofen. When the 

 expedition set out on its return voyage to Germany from China in 1862, Baron 

 Richthofen parted from the corps and sailed for San Francisco. He arrived in 

 California, "a modest, sincere, affectionate" man about thirty years old, intent 

 on studying volcanic phenomena. Having some private means, he worked only 

 intermittently for the State Survey in those fields that appealed to him. But for 

 Whitney he had a "worshipful admiration," and the two geologists fitted as neatly 

 as pick-head and tool handle. It was Whitney w^ho conceived the idea of a 

 geological survey for China and, indeed, the China survey was planned by the 

 tw^o men on New Year's Eve of 1868. During the subsequent years in China 

 Richthofen wrote long letters to Whitney, which Whitney edited and transmitted 

 to the American Academy of Arts and Letters at Boston for publication. Richt- 

 hofen evidently made some botanical collections in California, but it is difficult 

 to discover the extent or the destiny of them. He returned to Germany after 

 twelve years of travel to teach first at Berlin, then at Bonn, Leipzig, and finally 

 again at Berlin. From the clues I have seen the as yet unwritten biography of 

 "Life and Times of Baron Richthofen" could be a warm and gracious tale. 



Behr's friend, Dr. William Hillebrand, went to the Hawaiian Islands in 1844 

 for his health, stayed twenty-eight years and identified himself as the leading 

 authority on the flora of the islands. He visited California in 1863 and made 

 some collections about the Yosemite Valley, Big Tree grove, and Mount Dana, 

 as a part of the State Survey. 



Brewer mentions William Holden's collecting about a hundred species of 

 plants in the vicinity of Oakland in 1863. These were included in the State 

 Survey, but Holden evidently did not continue his scientific interests. 



