26 ^ CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES 



interest in mosses. Bolander arrived in San Francisco December 5, 1861, to find 

 the State Survey staff assembled in the city. Dr. Kellogg, and other members of 

 the Academy, became his intimate friends. It is singular that there is not a single 

 mention of Bolander in Brewer's letters, at least in so far as edited by Farquhar. 

 Bolander became State Botanist at the close of the State Survey late in 1864, on 

 the resignation of Brewer. Between 1864 and 1873 Bolander botanized over 

 nearly all parts of the State, his ramblings being exceeded perhaps only by those 

 of Brewer himself : from Ukiah and Red Mountain to Mount Dana, Mono Lake, 

 and south to Cuyamaca Mountains and San Felipe Caiion. Bolander's most seri- 

 ous interest was in grasses, about which he wrote briefly in the Academy's Pro- 

 ceedings. Lesquereux wrote in 1869 that Bolander had in less than one year 

 collected as many species of mosses as all the other collectors together. The San 

 Francisco publishing firm of Anton Roman and Company published Bolander's 

 small quarto volume in 1870 entitled Catalogue of the Plants Orowing in the 

 Vicinity of San Francisco, Embracing the Flora within 100 Miles of the City. 

 Between 1871 and 1875 he served as State Superintendent of Schools, and during 

 this period his botanical activities began to wane. Plis plant collections were 

 well known in Europe, De Candolle reporting the herbarium at Geneva as con- 

 taining 1,156 species of his gathering, and his specimens were also received at 

 Kew and Leipzig. His death occurred at Portland, Oregon, August 28, 1897, by 

 which time his name had quite disappeared from current botanical literature. 



On the morning of October 21, 1868, a destructive earthquake shook the city 

 of San Francisco. As Bret Harte remarked, "Enough that w^e know that for the 

 space of forty seconds — some say more — two or three hundred thousand people, 

 dwelling on the Pacific slope, stood in momentary fear of sudden and mysterious 

 death." Bret Harte chastises the citizens for trying to hide the seriousness of 

 the earthquake lest the reports have an unfavorable eft'ect on tourist interest in 

 the city, and adds : 



It is surprising liow little we know of the earth we inhabit. Perhaps hereafter 

 we in California will be more respectful of the calm men of science who studied the 

 physique of our country without immediate reference to its mineralogical value. We 

 may yet regret that we snubbed the State Geological Survey because it was impractical. 



The earthquake and its economic reverberations threatened the Academy's income 

 at this time, and it was Stearns and Whitney, in particular, who stood behind its 

 survival. 



Though not realized at the time, an important stimulus to the promotion of 

 the natural sciences in California at this time was the formal charter granted 

 the University of California on March 23, with Henry Durant installed as its 

 first President. Practically from the beginning the University worked along 

 with the Academy across the Bay in many matters of mutual scientific interest. 



An obscure visitor to Califoi-nia at this time was Heinrieh Sylvester Theodor 

 Tiling, from Livonia, a physician at the hospital at Sitka, who collected at 

 Unalaska in 1851 and at Sitka between 1866 and 1868. He visited Nevada City 

 about 1869 and collected the type there of Horkelia Tilingi described by Regel. 

 Tiling died in 1871 and it seems fairly certain that the visit of Benedict Roezl 

 to America in 1872 was a follow-up of Tiling's brief visit. 



Samuel Brannan, Jr., accompanied Dr. Kellogg on his trips botanizing 

 in the Sierra Nevada in 1869 and 1870. Brannan collected insects as well, 



