710 A CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES 



Jurassic Gastropods; F. Stoliczka (1868) on the Cretaceous Gastropods of 

 Southern India; H. Wood (1899-1913) on the Cretaceous Pelecypoda of 

 England; L. Waagen (1907) on Lamellibranchs from the Alpine region; A. P. 

 Pavlow (1907) on the Aucellas of Russia; and F. L. Kitchin (1903) on the 

 Jurassic Pelecypoda from the Kuteh area of India, The late Miocene and 

 Pliocene brackish and freshwater faunas of the Balkan Peninsula, South- 

 ern Russia, and the Caucasus have been studied by S. Brusina (1884), N. A. 

 Andrussov from 1897 to 1912, and K. Krejci-Graf and Wenz (1931) who 

 have directed attention to a succession of four nonmarine facies in a series of 

 basins extending from Austria eastward into southern Russia and Asia Minor. 

 In 1905, A. D. Archangelski described the Paleocene faunas in the Saratov area 

 of eastern Russia and their relationship to faunas of similar age in AVestern 

 Europe. 



A few of the more significant contributions which have aided in making 

 known the rich Tertiary faunas are those of E. Beyrich (1853-1856) on the 

 North German Tertiary; C. L. F. von Sandberger (1858-1863) on Mollusca 

 from the Mainz Basin; Hoernes and Auinger (1879-1891) on the Tertiary 

 faunas of the Vienna Basin; S. V. Wood (1871-1877) on the Eocene Bivalves 

 of England; K. Martin (1879-1880, 1891-1922, etc.) on the Tertiary Molluscs 

 of the Dutch Indies; A. von Koenen on both the Cretaceous and Oligocene of 

 Germany; M. Cossmann on the faunas of many formations in France; R. A. 

 Philippi on the Tertiary of Chili; Nagao, Makiyama, and Hatai on the Tertiary 

 Molluscs of Japan; A. Wrigley on the Eocene of England; and W. S. Slowked- 

 witsch on the Tertiary of northeastern Siberia. The faunas as described and 

 illustrated in this last work closely resemble those of the middle and later Ter- 

 tiary in Oregon and Washington. 



The scientific contributions to molluscan paleontology of the western hemi- 

 sphere during the past one hundred years have been exceedingly great and 

 only a few of the more important can be listed. Among these are those of T. A. 

 Conrad, who made known the occurrence of Tertiary Mollusca in both the 

 eastern and western parts of North America; James Hall and J. M. Clarke on 

 the Paleozoic mollusks of New York State and the upper Mississippi Valley; 

 F. B. Meek on the Cretaceous mollusks of the Rocky Mountain region in 1876; 

 C. A. White on nonmarine mollusks in 1883; E. 0. Ulrich on the Silurian of 

 eastern North America in 1897; T. W. Stanton on the Cretaceous; and W. H. 

 Dall, H. A. Pilsbry, Julia Gardner, C. W. Cooke, Wendell P. Woodring, W. C. 

 Mansfield, Katherine V. W. Palmer, W. B. Clark, G. D. Harris, and others in 

 many papers on the Tertiary mollusks of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains 

 and Caribbean regions during the last fifty years. 



On the Pacific Coast the monumental works of W. M. Gabb and his associates 

 from 1864 to 1869 made known the molluscan faunas of the Jurassic, Creta- 

 ceous, and Tertiary. Near the end of the nineteenth century important papers 

 were contributed by T. W. Stanton and J. C. Merriam on the earliest Tertiary 

 Martinez fauna and its relation to the uppermost Cretaceous. At the turn of 

 the century an important paper on West Coast Cretaceous faunas, including 

 pelecypods and gastropods, was published by F. M. Anderson under the auspices 

 of the California Academy of Sciences. His later papers dealing with the same 

 subject have recently been published by the Geological Society of America. Nu- 



