240 ^ CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES 



tan, Chinese Turkestan, and the western and southwestern portions of China still 

 await mycological study. Little has been done in Burma or the northern parts 

 of Malaya and Indochina. The Arabian peninsula is almost untouched myco- 

 logically. It is perhaps safe to say that there will not be many new mycological 

 discoveries made there until conditions of life and travel are safer. 



The fungi of the British possessions of Ceylon and India were mostly studied 

 by scientists sent out from Great Britain for considerable periods of time or 

 by men like Berkeley, who remained in England and studied collections made by 

 travelers in those regions. Dr. Edwin John Butler was the Imperial Mycologist 

 in India from 1905-1919, returning to England to become the Director of the 

 Imperial Mycological Institute. He published an important paper on the genus 

 Pythium (1907), several papers on various rusts in India, and was a collabora- 

 tor with H. and P. Sydow in a series of five numbers entitled Fungi Indiae 

 Orientalis (1906-1916). With collaboration of G. R. Bisby he published Fungi 

 of India (Butler and Bisby, 1931). In the last two or three decades there has 

 been a great upsurge in mycological publications of good quality by students 

 of Indian birth, among whom should be mentioned S. R. Bose, M. K. Patel, 

 M. J. Thirumalachar, B. B. Mundkur and B. N. Uppal. 



In Ceylon Marshall Ward studied tlie disease of coffee caused by the rust 

 Hemileia vastatrix B. & Br. After his return to England he was succeeded by 

 Thomas Fetch, who remained in Ceylon a good many years. He studied the 

 fungus flora very intensively. His report, published in collaboration with G. R. 

 Bisby (Fetch and Bisby, 1950), lists 2,214 species of fungi from Ceylon. 



For a great many years the Botanical Garden at Buitenzorg, Java, has been 

 a center of botanical research in almost every field of botany. Among the pub- 

 lications issued there have been a good many mycological papers. The occupa- 

 tion of Java by the Japanese, the subsequent fighting for the recovery of the 

 island, and then the revolution which resulted in the establishment of a repub- 

 lic have greatly interrupted the botanical work, although the Japanese did not 

 harm the research laboratories. Dr. K. B. Boedijn has survived these disturb- 

 ances and is still doing some mycological research. The chief periodicals in 

 which the mycological papers from Java are found are Annates du Jardin 

 Botanique de Buitenzorg, Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, and 

 Reinwardtia. 



It has been in Japan that the chief mycological work in Asia has been car- 

 ried on. For the Fhycomycetes may be mentioned the work of Yosio Tokunaga 

 on the Chytrids (1933-1934); Hiroharo Indoh on the Blastocladiaceae (1940) 

 and Leptomitaceae (1939); Masaji Nagai on Saprolegniaceae (1931, 1933); J. 

 Hanzawa (1915), Yoshihiko Yamamoto (1930) and Momoji Yamazaki (1934) 

 on the genus Rhizopus. Sanshi Imai published papers on the Helvellaceae (1932), 

 on the Japanese Geoglossaceae (1934-1942), on the Clavariaceae (1929-1941) 

 and on the Agaricaceae (1933). There have been extensive studies of the Ure- 

 dinales, especially the series of papers by Naohide Hiratsuka (1927 to 1939). 

 Seiya Ito (1909 to 1922) has also piiblished accounts of the fungi of this group. 



In recent years a few Chinese botanists, of whom F. L. Tai and Lee Ling may 

 be mentioned, have been publishing the results of their studies upon fungi col- 

 lected in China. The disturbed political and economic conditions in that great 

 country in the last twenty-five years have been very discouraging to mycological 



