PAPENFUSS: CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALGAE 161 



Present-day classification of the flagellated Dinophycidae is largely based on 

 the systems of Kofoid, Lindemann, and Schiller. Whereas the Dinophycidae were 

 represented by two families in I he arrangement of Schiitt, published in 1896, 

 they arc here segregated into eight orders and a total of 38 families. 



Phylum PYRROPHYCOPHYTA Papenfuss (1946, p. 218) 

 Syn.: Pyrrophyta Pascher (1914, p. 153) 

 Class DiNOPHYCEAE Fritsch (1935, pp. 8, 665) 



Subclass DF:sMOPnY('iDAE (Pascher) Graham orth. mut. Papenfuss 

 Syn.: Desmokontae Pascher (1914, p. 149, as "Reihe"); Subdivision Adiniferae 

 (Bergh) Lindemann (1928, p. 36); Order Adiniferidea (Bergh) Kofoid et Swezy 

 (1921, p. 108) ; Subclass Desmokontae (Pascher) Graham (1951, p. 105) 

 Order DESMOMONADALES Pascher (1914, p. 148) 



Syn.: Desmocapsales Pascher (1914, p. 149); Athecatales Lindemann (1928, 

 p. 36) 



Family Desmomonadaceae Pascher (1914, p. 149) 



Syn.: Desmocapsaceae Pascher (1914, p. 149; cf. Fritsch, 1935, p. 

 672); Haplodiniaceae Lindemann (1928, p. 36) 

 ?Family Adinimonadaceae Schiller (1931, p. 9) 

 Order THECATALES Lindemann (1928, p. 37) 



Syn.: Tribe Thecatoidae Kofoid et Swezy (1921, p. 106), nomen nudum; Pro- 

 rocentrales Pascher ex Graham (1951, p. 114) 



Family Prorocentraceae Engler (1892, p. 6) 



Syn.: Exuviaellaceae Pascher (1914, p. 148), nomen nudum 

 Subclass DINOPHYCIDAE (Fritsch) Graham orth. mut. Papenfuss 

 Syn.: "Group" Dinokontae Fritsch (1935, pp. 670, 679); "Reihe" Dinophyceae 

 Pascher (1914, p. 151); Subclass Dinokontae Graham (1951, p. 105) 

 Order GYMNODINIALES (Poche) Lindemann (1928, p. 39) 



Syn.: Amphilothales (Kofoid et Swezy) Lindemann (1928, p. 68; cf. Zimmer- 

 mann, 1930, pp. 438-440; Schiller, 1935, p. 1) 



Family Pronoctilucaceae Lebour orth. mut. Lindemann (1928, p. 39) 

 Family Gymnodiniaceae (Bergh) Schiitt (1896, pp. 1, 2) 

 Family Polykrikaceae Kofoid et Swezy orth. mut. Lindemann (1928, 

 p. 46) 



Family Noctilucaceae Kent orth. mut. Lindemann (1928, p. 47) 

 Family Warnowiaceae Lindemann (1928, p. 51) 



Family Amphilothaceae Kofoid orth. mut. Lindemann (1928, p. 68) 

 Syn.: Gymnasteraceae Poche orth. mut. Lindemann (1928, p. 69); 

 Gymnosclerotaceae Schiller (1935, p. 1) 

 Order BLASTODINIALES Schiller (1935, p. 8) 



Family Paradiniaceae Schiller (1935, p. 15) 

 Family Blastodiniaceae Chatton orth. mut. West (1916, p. 50) 

 Family Syndiniaceae Chatton orth. mut. Schiller (1935, p. 53) 

 Family Endodiniaceae Schiller (1935, p. 61) 

 Family Ellobiopsidaceae Schiller (1935, p. 62) 

 Order DINOPHYSIALES (Kofoid) Lindemann (1928, p. 72) 



Family Dinophysiaceae (Bergh) Engler orth. mut. Pascher (1914, p. 158) 

 Family Amphisoleniaceae Lindemann (1928, p. 77) 



Family Ornithocercaceae Kofoid et Skogsberg orth. mut. Schiller (1931, 

 p. 192) 



Family Citharistaceae Kofoid et Skogsberg orth. mut. Schiller (1931, p. 

 255) 

 Order PERIDINIALES Schutt (1896, p. 1) 



Syn.: Kolkwitziellales Lindemann (1928, p. 70) 



Family Ptychodiscaceae (Schutt) Lemmermann (1899, p. 362) 



Syn.: Kolkwitziellaceae Lindemann (1928, p. 71; cf. Schiller, 1935, 

 p. 75) 



