BESSEY: MYCOLOGY 255 



similar oog'ones with triehoiiynes and antlierids i)roduciiiy' nonmotile spermatia. 

 From the fertilized oo<i,one branch out the aseosenoiis liyi)hae at whose tips are 

 produced the asci. This cluster of hyphac, with or without additional vegeta- 

 tive hyphae, is the spore-fruit. The septa of the filaments of Florideae and of 

 the Ascomyeetes are centrally perforate. If this suggested phylogeny is correct, 

 those groups of Ascomyeetes should be considered nearest the ancestral seaweeds 

 in which oogones with trichogynes and antherids with nonmotile spermatia are 

 to be found. This is so in the Laboulbeniales, the lichens, many of the Pezizales, 

 Sphaeriales, etc. These are accordingly placed first in this class and the Asper- 

 gillales (Plestaseales of Gauman and many other authors) and the Saccharomy- 

 cetales (Endomycetales) should be considered as developed forms. In other 

 words, the Ascomyeetes as arranged by Gauman, stand, as it were, on their 

 heads, with no connection indicated with the Phycomycetes. 



The Basidiomycetes are considered to have arisen from the Ascomyeetes, with 

 the spores formed internally, not in the main body of the basidium (= ascus) 

 but in external pockets. The arrangement of groups is subclass Teliosporeae 

 (^ Uredinales + Ustilaginales), Heterobasidiae (= Phragmobasidiomycetes of 

 Gaumann) and Eubasidiae (= Holobasidiomycetes). Since these are all be- 

 lieved to have diverged from a more or less common Ascomycetous (Discomycete) 

 ancestor, the immediate order in which they follow is not very important. The 

 Uredinales of the Teliosporeae have spermogonia and receptive hyphae to which 

 the sperm cells become attached and therefore seem to have preserved some of 

 the features of the more primitive Ascomyeetes. In the Heterobasidiae the mono- 

 caryon type of mycelium produces spermatiumlike cells which "diploidize" the 

 monocaryon hyphae of the opposite sexual phase. This seems to retain, then, 

 this spermatial feature of the Ascomycetous-Florideal ancestors. This even per- 

 sists in some of the Eubasidiae. 



So we see that, depending upon our knowledge of the structures and on- 

 togenous development of the fungi, we can still develop systems of classification 

 differing greatly, depending upon our own interpretation of the importance of 

 the similarities between groups. The ultimate correct classification of the fungi 

 has certainly not yet been devised. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Baby, Anton de 



1852. Beitrag ziir Kenntnis der Aclilya jnolifera. Bot. Zeit., 10:473-479, 489-496, 



505-511, 7 pis. 



1853. Untersuchungen iiber die Brandpilze und die durch sie verursachten Krank- 



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 Berlin: G. W. F. Muller. 



1854. Ueber die Entwickelung und den Zusammenhang von Aspergillus glaucus und 



Eurotium. Bot. Zeit, 12:423-434, 441-451, 465-471, 11 pis. 



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Zool., Bd. 10. 



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1863. Recherches sur le developpement de quelques champignons parasites. M^moire 



