TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 



and acute end, has a length of 2.35 oral diameters. The 

 thin-edged oral margin is sharp. The bowl swells rapidly 

 to a diameter of 1.12 oral diameters within the upper tenth, 

 forming a rounded band nearly 0.5 oral diameter in width. 

 Below the ring, the bowl has a general cylindrical form for a 

 length of nearly 1.0 oral diameter, and then swells again 

 slightly to a diameter equal to that of the suboral ring. The 

 aboral cone (67 ) is slightly convex and its tip is sharply 

 acute, there being no lance as in other species. 



The hyaline wall has inner and outer laminae which en- 

 close regular, radial, rectangular secondary prisms. Its 

 thickness is o.i} oral diameter across the ring and the thick- 

 walled aboral cone; it is only a third as much in the cylin- 

 drical bowl. 



There are 2 macronuclei. 



Length, 80 to 91":. 



Parundella acuta resembles P. aciculijera, but lacks even a 

 trace of lance, and has thinner, only locally thick walls. The 

 suboral ring and thick-walled aboral cone set acuta off from 

 other species, as does the lack of lance. It only remotely 

 resembles P. invaginata, and is so unlike all the other species 

 that little chance of confusion exists. 



Recorded from two stations in the Pacific, as follows: one 

 (86) in the region of South Pacific island fields and one 

 (116) in the North Pacific middle latitudes. 



There are 2 pump samples, of which 1 was taken at the 

 surface and 1 at 100 meters. Frequency, minimum. 



Temperature, i6?07-25?ii (20?5<)); salinity, 34.02-36.22 

 (35.12); density, 24.25-24.99 (24.62); pH, 8.17-8.25 (8.21). 



Parundella caudata (Ostenfeld) Kofoid and Campbell 

 Parundella caudata, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 228, fig. 442. 



The moderately tall, bell-shaped lorica, with fins at the 

 junction of bowl and lance, has a length of 3.28 oral diam- 

 eters. The thin oral margin is slightly incurved. The cam- 

 panulate bowl swells from the rim to 1.14 oral diameters at 

 0.28 oral diameter below the rim, and then tapers (io°) for 

 0.52 total length, the diameter at the lower end being 0.86 

 oral diameter. Below this level the bowl becomes more 

 widely conical (40 ), and this section has a length of 0.19 

 total length. The lance has a basal diameter of 0.5 oral 

 diameter, is conical (12 ), and has a length of r.O oral diam- 

 eter. Its free tip is blunt. 



The hyaline wall reaches 0.07 oral diameter in thickness 

 at the anterior end of the lance and is less thick in other 

 parts. The cavity of the lance is reduced by the thickening. 

 Near the oral end of the lance are 4 (?) winglike finlets. 



Length, 90 to 125^. 



Parundella caudata is much like P. gigantea, but has wing- 

 like finlets and a less distinct cone and lance. Parundella 

 lohmanni is longer and coarser, and has a rounded aboral 

 region and thick lance. 



Recorded from two stations, one each in the Atlantic and 

 the Pacific, as follows: one (18) in the Sargasso Sea, and one 

 (130) in the California region. 



There are 1 pump and 1 net sample, both taken at 100 

 meters. Frequency, minimum. 



89 



Temperature: Atlantic, pump sample 8?g6; Pacific, net 

 sample 20^32. Salinity: Atlantic, pump sample 33.72; Pacific, 

 net sample 36.81. Density: Atlantic, pump sample 26.14; 

 Pacific, net sample 26.07. pH: Atlantic, pump sample 8.06; 

 Pacific, net sample 8.21. 



Parundella inflata Kofoid and Campbell 



(Figure 67) 

 Parundella inflata Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 230, fig. 431. 



The rather short but elongated lorica, with contracted 

 aboral conical section and long spinelike lance, has a length 

 of 3.96 oral diameters. The thin oral margin is sharp and 

 has no flare. The long bowl is submedianly inflated to 1.14 

 oral diameters near 0.33 total length from the rim. Below 

 this level it contracts convexly (30 ) for near 0.29 total 

 length; its diameter at the lower end is 0.64 oral diameter. 

 The lower section tapers (15°) for 0.15 total length and 

 then more suddenly contracts (70°), the lower end being 

 0.82 total length below the rim. The lance is narrow conical 

 (9 ), spinelike, and 0.18 total length in length; its free tip 

 is sharply pointed. 



The hyaline wall thickens within the anterior one-fifth to 

 0.14 oral diameter, and is less than a third that much in the 

 lower bowl and hollow spine. 



Length, 92 to 125ft. 



The loricae of this expedition tend toward greater in- 

 flation and somewhat stouter lances than are typical; they are 

 also commonly longer. 



Parundella inflata differs from P. aculeata in the generally 

 more abrupt aboral contraction; from P. clavus in being 

 longer and less stout; and from P. invaginata not only in 

 being narrower and longer, but also in the lack of the peculiar 

 introverted aboral section which distinguishes invaginata. It 

 is more narrow-bowled than Xystonellopsis scyphium. 



Recorded from six stations, three each in the Atlantic and 

 the Pacific, as follows: two (19, 20) in the Sargasso Sea, one 

 (23) in the Atlantic equatorial region, two (75, 78) in the 

 Galapagos region, and one (115) in the North Pacific middle 

 latitudes. 



There are 1 pump and 5 net samples, all taken at 100 

 meters. Maximum frequency, 25 per cent at station 115; 

 one other record (station 78) was 2 per cent. 



Temperature: Atlantic, net samples 22?56~36?02 (27?oo); 

 Pacific, pump sample 22?04, net samples i5?85-i8?40 

 ( 17? 12). Salinity: Atlantic, net samples 36.72-37.05 (36.89); 

 Pacific, pump sample 36.17, net samples 34-63-35.47 (35.05). 

 Density: Atlantic, net samples 25.38-25.67 (25.52); Pacific, 

 pump sample 25.11, net samples 25.51-25.57 (25.53). P^: 

 Atlantic, net samples 8.18-8.25 (8.20); Pacific, pump sample 

 8.14. net samples 8.08-8.10 (8.09). 



Parundella lachmanni (Daday) Kofoid and Campbell 



Parundella lachmanni, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 231, fig. 



427- 



The short, conical lorica, with suboral flare and without 

 distinct lance, has a length of 3.0 oral diameters. The oral 



