7 6 



OCEANIC TINTINNOINA OF LAST CRUISE OF CARNEGIE 



34.22 (33-03), net samples 32.70-33.69 (33.14). Density: 

 pump samples 24.90-26.52 (25.44), net samples 25.74-26.76 

 (26.09). pH: pump samples 7.85-8.21 (7.86), net samples 

 7.64-8.03 (7.70). 



Type locality, station 121, at 50 meters; latitude 46 05' 

 north, longitude 171 ° 32' east. 



Parafavella cylindrica (Jorgensen) Kofoid and Campbell 



(Figure 51 ) 

 Parafavella cylindrica, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 162, fig. 

 312- 



The tall, narrow, elongated lorica, with strong teeth, taper- 

 ing bowl, and rounded aboral end, has a length of 5.8 oral 

 diameters. The oral margin has 24 sharply pointed, narrow, 

 triangular teeth which are curved outward and the length of 

 which is less than 0.1 oral diameter. These teeth rest on a 

 very low, conical (54 ) crown or collar, the length of which 

 is 0.08 oral diameter, the diameter being 0.93 oral diameter 

 at the lower end. Below this contracted neck the inverted, 

 conical (2 ), decidedly elongated bowl arises. This section 

 has a diameter of 1.06 oral diameters just below the neck, 

 and 0.84 at its bottom end, which is 0.84 total length below 

 the oral rim. The bowl contracts below this last level in the 

 shape of an approximate half-ellipse, being about 45 in its 

 anterior half and increasing to 8o° in the posterior section. 

 Its length is 0.67 of its own diameter, and its sides are con- 

 vex. At the aboral end is a short, curved, minutely blunted, 

 conical (15°) aboral horn, the length of which is about 0.37 

 oral diameter. 



The wall has a maximum thickness of 0.06 oral diameter 

 near the upper end of the tapering bowl, and gradually this 

 lessens to as little as three-tenths as much. Thin laminae 

 enclose a single layer of radial, rectangular prisms. There 

 is a meshwork of practically uniform, double-walled hexa- 

 gons which enclose hyaline contents. The aboral horn is 

 hollow and the cavity follows the outer contour. 



Length, 363^. 



The Carnegie loricae have fewer, longer teeth than usual, 

 as well as slight suboral contraction and more taper. 



Parafavella cylindrica compares nicely with P. subrotun- 

 data, but is longer and more slender, with an elliptical rather 

 than rounded aboral end, and without a sharp, pointed horn. 

 It is longer than P. dilatata, much less tapering, with fewer 

 teeth, and with a somewhat different aboral region. Para- 

 favella gigantea has a longer horn and more teeth, and 

 P. r obits ta has a longer horn and shorter bowl. 



Recorded from five stations, one in the Atlantic and four 

 in the Pacific, as follows: one (6-7) in the North Sea, and 

 four (118, 120, 121, 122) in the East Asiatic marginal sea. 



There are 9 net samples, of which 3 were taken at the 

 surface, 4 at 50 meters, and 2 at 100 meters. Frequency, 96 

 per cent at station 118 at 100 meters; all other records, save 

 that in the Atlantic, above minimum (2 to 70 per cent); 

 average in the Pacific, 27.1 per cent. 



The following data apply to the Pacific stations only: 

 temperature, 2?oi-io?i8 (5?52); salinity, 32.06-33.78 

 (33.29); density, 25.14-26.57 (26.23); pH, 7.86-8.21 (7.98). 



Parafavella denticulata (Ehrenberg) Kofoid and Campbell 

 (Figure 50) 



Parafavella denticulata, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929. p. 163, fig. 



310; Hada, 19326, pp. 564-565. 

 Parafavella dentiula (lapsus) Hada, 1932a, pp. 50-51, fig. 15. 

 Vavella denticulata, Schulz and WulfT, 1929, pp. 344-352, figs. 



2-25, pis. 12, 13; also var. tenuis forma arctica, fig. zie-g. 



The tall lorica, with stout teeth, subcylindrical bowl, con- 

 tracted aboral region, and moderately long aboral horn, has 

 a length of 3.76 oral diameters. The thin oral rim has 32 

 short, relatively wide, subequidistant, uniform, suberect, 

 triangular teeth. The slightly tapering (2 ) anterior bowl 

 occupies about 0.55 total length, and its diameter at the lower 

 end is near 0.93 oral diameter; its walls are without traces of 

 minute irregularity. Below its lower end the bowl gradually 

 contracts in the form of a half-ellipse, the length of which is 

 1. 17 its own diameter. It is at first 30 and increases to 52 

 in the posterior three-tenths. The aboral horn is conical 

 (15°) and its length reaches 0.72 oral diameter. Its free tip 

 is minutely blunted. 



The wall has a uniform thickness of nearly 0.03 oral diam- 

 eter except in the horn, where it is somewhat more. There 

 are thin laminae and enclosed radial, rectangular prisms. 

 The outer surface has distinct, although faint, hexagonal 

 prisms of modest size. The cavity approximates the outer 

 contour. 



Length, 253^. 



The Carnegie loricae lack the suboral flare evident in 

 typical loricae. Schulz and WulfT (1929) illustrate and dis- 

 cuss a wide variety of forms, only some of which belong to 

 denticulata (sensu stricto), the others belonging to several 

 distinct forms, some of which may be new. The variability 

 of Parafavella is certainly very great, and physical influences 

 profoundly affect formation. The effects of temperature, 

 salinity, density, and hydrogen-ion concentration are yet to 

 be experimentally studied in these ciliates. Observational 

 data are suggestive. 



Parafavella denticulata resembles P. gigantea, but is shorter 

 and stouter, with a less lengthy horn. It is not so stout as 

 P. robusta, and there is a sharper transition in lower bowl 

 and horn than in P. obtusangula. It has numerous teeth, 

 lacking in the somewhat similar P. edentata. The other 

 species are so distinct that they could scarcely be confused 

 with denticulata. 



Recorded from seven stations, three in the Atlantic and 

 four in the Pacific, as follows: two (between stations 6 and 

 7) in the North Sea, one (13) in the American cold-water 

 region, two (116, 117) in the North Pacific middle latitudes, 

 one (118) in the East Asiatic marginal sea, and one (130) 

 in the California region. 



There are 3 pump and 10 net samples, of which 5 were 

 taken at the surface, 6 at 50 meters, and 2 at 100 meters. 

 Maximum frequency, 95 per cent at station 6-70; other 

 records above minimum (2 to 56 per cent) from stations 116, 

 117, 118, 130; average in Pacific net samples, 12. 1 per cent. 



Temperature: Atlantic, pump sample n ^27, net sample 

 i?64; Pacific, 8?33 and 8?93~i6?07 (11^54), respectively. 



