74 



OCEANIC TINTINNOINA OF LAST CRUISE OF CARNEGIE 



The Carnegie loricae are more saccular aborally than is 

 usual for the species. 



Epiorella curta is more elongate and has less regular free 

 lines than E. brandti. The free lines are longer than those 

 of E. reticulata, and the aboral region is more conical than 

 in E. healdi. 



Recorded from two stations (41, 42) in the Galapagos 

 region. 



There are 3 net samples, 1 taken at the surface and 2 at 

 100 meters. Frequency, 22 per cent at station 41 at the 

 surface; 8 per cent at station 4r, and 18 per cent at station 

 42, both at 100 meters; average, 16 per cent. 



Temperature, I4?33~20?42 (i6?43); salinity, 34.19-35.04 

 (34-75); density, 24.06-26.17 (25.44); P H , 7.91-8. n (7.98). 



Epiorella healdi Rofoid and Campbell 



(Figure 79) 



Epiplocylis healdi Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 1S0, fig. 321; 

 Marshall, 1934, p. 643, fig. 16. 



The small, cup-shaped lorica, with many free lines on the 

 upper two-thirds of the bowl, has a length of 1.5 oral diam- 

 eters. The low, faintly crenulated suborai cuff is a low 

 cylinder and surrounds the oral margin. The cuff is sepa- 

 rated from the cup below by a shallow trough. The cup or 

 bowl proper flares (50 ) for a distance of about 0.13 oral 

 diameter, and its free margin is 1.13 oral diameters in diam- 

 eter. The lower part tapers (19 ) for a distance of approxi- 

 mately 0.66 total length, the diameter at the lower end being 

 nearly 0.83 oral diameter. The posterior section is narrow 

 oval, increasing from 42 in its upper part to ioo° in the 

 lower. At the aboral end is a short (0.2 oral diameter), 

 conical (17°) horn with a blunt free tip. 



The wall is thin, hardly exceeding 0.02 oral diameter in 

 the cup. The cuff is hyaline and the bowl only a little 

 denser. The upper two-thirds of the bowl has subvertical, 

 frequently anastomosing free lines, which reach right to the 

 free edge of the suborai flare. The posterior third is heavily 

 reticulated with large, deep pentagonal to hexagonal areas, 

 as is also the horn. 



Length, yi[l. 



The Carnegie specimens have more free lines (22 to 28) 

 than the loricae recorded by Marshall (1934), and conform 

 to type in shape more closely than these last. The one 

 figured here (fig. 79) is typical of the species. Perhaps 

 Marshall's are of another, undifferentiated species. 



Epiorella healdi has long free lines on the upper bowl, 

 unlike E. reticulata. There is in this respect no intergrada- 

 tion. The lorica is also less wide and less full aborally. Its 

 aboral end is less conical than that of E. curta, but not so 

 sharply pointed as in E. ralumensis or E. acuta. Epiorella 

 brandti is generally more conical and has much shorter free 

 lines. 



Recorded from seven stations (40, 41, 42, 43, 71, 72, 73) 

 in the Galapagos region. 



There are 10 pump and 4 net samples, of which 5 were 

 taken at the surface, 5 at 50 meters, and 4 at 100 meters. 



Maximum frequency, 53 per cent at station 40; other records 

 above minimum (2 to 29 per cent) from stations 41, 42, 43, 

 71, 72, 73; averages, 4.6 loricae and 31.7 per cent in pump 

 and net samples, respectively. 



Temperature: pump samples i4?55~25?27 (i9?65), net 

 samples i4?33~2o?92 (i6?28). Salinity: pump samples 34.80- 

 35-4 2 (35-I7), net samples 34.19-35.04 (34.78). Density: 

 pump samples 23.60-26.11 (24.95), net samples 24.06-26.51 

 (25.54). pH: pump samples 7.92-8.21 (8.05), net samples 

 7.91-8.11 (7.95). 



EPICANCELLA Kofoid and Campbell 

 Epicancclla Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 173. 



Epicancella has dominant vertical and distinct horizontal 

 bars and ribs, the horizontal elements being supplementary 

 to the vertical structures. Relationship to Rhahdonella on 

 the one hand, and to Epiplocylis on the other, is indicated; 

 the genus may have arisen from the latter. 



Epicancella occurs in warm, tropical oceans. 



There is but one species. 



Epicancella nervosa (Cleve) Kofoid and Campbell 



Epicancclla nervosa, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 173, fig. 

 318. 



The transparent, conical lorica has a recurved lip, and 

 raised lattice work on the surface; its length is 1.6 oral diam- 

 eters. The oral margin is thin and the hyaline collar below 

 it spreads from its base, forming a cuff with a width of con- 

 siderably less than 0.1 oral diameter. The conical bowl 

 forms a flattened shoulder below the cuff, which shoulder 

 rounds over and decreases regularly in diameter; its diam- 

 eter, at the widest part of the shoulder, is 1.17 oral diameters. 

 The bowl is a narrow cone (6°) in the anterior half, and 

 then a wider one (52 ) in the lower section. Its sides are 

 full, and the bowl as a whole is decidedly convex. The 

 aboral end is pointed but not prolonged or otherwise 

 modified. 



The surface of the lorica is strikingly unique. The cuff 

 is glass-clear, and the shoulder region is alveolar with more 

 or less rounded pentagons of mixed sizes. The remaining 

 part of the bowl has 16 to 18 subvertical or slightly left- 

 wound ribs, possibly correlated in their number with the 

 number of membranelles. These ribs are ridges, and they 

 branch horizontally so that each interface between two ribs 

 has 14 to 17 crossbars. These crossbars may rarely branch 

 again with small vertical ridges, especially near the equa- 

 torial region of the bowl. The crossbars and their ridges are 

 never so conspicuous as the vertical ribs. The whole lorica 

 is almost transparent, and not easy to see in a brightly illu- 

 minated microfield save as the ribs are darker than the 

 general outline of the bowl; the denser shoulder region is in 

 contrast with the rest of the bowl. The cavity follows the 

 outer contour, and the wall is exceedingly thin. 



Length, 80 to 82^1. 



Epicancella nervosa is so definitely unique among the Tin- 



