TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE TINTINNOINA FOUND 

 IN THE MATERIAL OF THE CARNEGIE 



(Temperatures are given in degrees centigrade. Salinities are expressed per mille. Values of density are in units of the third 

 decimal, and express the excess over unity; thus, 23.26 signifies a density of 1.02326. Values of pH are in the usual units 



expressing hydrogen-ion concentration.) 



CODONELLIDAE Kent emended 



Codonellidae, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 18. 



The family includes four genera: Tintinnopsis, Codonclla, 

 Codonaria, and Codonopsis. These genera are largely ma- 

 rine, only a few odd species of Tintinnopsis and Codonclla 

 being found in fresh and brackish water. Most species of 

 Tintinnopsis and one or two of Codonella occur in coastal 

 waters; Codonaria and Codonopsis are exclusively eupelagic, 

 nearly always in warm seas. 



All four genera occur in the Carnegie material. 



TINTINNOPSIS Stein emended 

 Tintinnopsis, Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, pp. 19-20. 



Species of Tintinnopsis are usually rare in oceanic plank- 

 ton, the genus commonly occurring in neritic or even 

 brackish-water conditions. Under the varied environments 

 of coastal waters, many local species have come into being. 

 Only a few are found in the high sea and these are appar- 

 ently developed from species of the coasts. Tintinnopsis is 

 scarce in warm and temperate water except northward, 

 where there are a number of coastal forms along the shore 

 line. The genus does not enter the Antarctic. 



Two species are described, of which one is new. 



Tintinnopsis penrhynensis, new species 

 (Plate 1, figure 3) 



The tiny lorica has a globose bowl and a ringlike collar, 

 and its length is 1.56 oral diameters. The oral margin is 

 irregularly beset with minute blobs of alveolar matter so that 

 its edge is ragged. The collar is a cufflike tube with a length 

 of 0.53 oral diameter, and has a scarcely detectable median 

 bulge with a diameter little greater than that of the oral 

 opening. The globular bowl reaches its greatest diameter, 

 1.53 oral diameters, at the middle. The upper, open end 

 joins the collar, forming a modest shoulder, and the lower 

 hemisphere rounds out, there being no aboral differentiation. 



The wall is 0.14 oral diameter in thickness near its thickest 

 level, which is across the level of the junction of collar and 

 bowl; it gradually thins and becomes extraordinarily thin at 

 the aboral end. There are coarse, irregular, crudely pris- 

 matic tertiary structures in the wall. The outer surface 

 shows little irregularity, and few blobs occur. 



Length, total 50(1, collar 12.5(1; diameter, oral 32(1, throat 



35H- 



This is a locally developed species of Tintinnopsis, and 

 differs from all others in shape. It is somewhat like T. ber- 

 mudensis in having a cufflikc collar and round bowl, but in 



bermudcnsis the collar is much taller and more funnel-like, 

 and the bowl is pointed. It bears a little resemblance to T. 

 baltica, but in baltica the collar widens out suborally, and 

 again the bowl is aborally pointed. It looks like T. bornandi, 

 but the collar is cufllike, taller, and more regular. It is some- 

 what like T . conglobata, but is shorter and stouter, with a 

 rounded instead of ovate bowl, and with a more clearly de- 

 veloped shoulder; it is not much like other species of 

 Tintinnopsis described from the coast of Asia or elsewhere 

 in the Pacific. 



Recorded from the lagoon of Penrhyn Island, a surface 

 catch on November 10, 1929. Only 2 loricae were observed. 



No physical data are available for this exceedingly inter- 

 esting locality. 



Type locality, Penrhyn Island lagoon (between stations 

 159 and 160), at surface; latitude 9 south, longitude 158° 

 west. 



Tintinnopsis rara Kofoid and Campbell 



Tintinnopsis rara Kofoid and Campbell, 1939, p. 41, pi. 1. fig. 7. 



The stout lorica, with cylindrical collar and globular bowl, 

 has a length of 1.57 oral diameters. The oral margin is thin, 

 spreading, and slightly recurved. The low collar is a cylin- 

 der with a length of 0.3 oral diameter, with laterally concave 

 sides and somewhat spreading upper and lower parts. The 

 bowl is practically hemispherical without any special differ- 

 entiation at the aboral end; its diameter is 1.4 oral diameters. 



The wall is coarsely reticulated with large irregular poly- 

 gons or tertiary prisms, with thickened edges and clear con- 

 tents. The wall is rather thin, and the cavity follows exactly 

 the outer contour. 



Length, 56(1. 



Kofoid and Campbell (1929) called this species Tintin- 

 nopsis bornandi; the Pacific form is different from the Medi- 

 terranean species, however, as these writers later recognized. 



Tintinnopsis rara is closest to T. bornandi in form and 

 size, but the surface is not beset with adherent irregular 

 particles, the bowl is more symmetrically globular, and the 

 collar is a trifle lower, all these characters possibly being 

 associated with the more definitely pelagic as contrasted with 

 neritic habit. 



Recorded from three stations in the Pacific, as follows: 

 one (65) in the South Pacific middle latitudes, one (96) in 

 the region of South Pacific island fields, and one (13s) in 

 the California region. 



Pump samples only, 2 from 50 meters and 1 from the sur- 

 face. Frequency, minimum. 



Temperature, i6?96-29°3o (22?69); salinity, 34.47-35.27 

 (34.91); density, 22.19-25.14 (23.87); pH, 8.10-8.37 ( 8 - 2 3)- 



