8 



OCEANIC TINTINNOINA OF LAST CRUISE OF CARNEGIE 



frequent. The cavity of the bowl is cut off from that of the 

 horn by a depressed diaphragm formed by the inner lamina. 

 Rarely a second, thicker one is found about halfway down 

 the horn. A convex closing apparatus may be present. The 

 wall is not particularly dense. 



Length, 88u. 



There is some difference in wall structure in various indi- 

 viduals; a few are profusely packed with coccoliths, others 

 have small prisms, and commonly there are large fenestrae. 

 The aboral end is generally blunted, but in a few the tip is 

 sharply pointed. 



Codonelhi amphorclla has a bowl shorter, blunter, and 

 fuller than that of C. recta but not so wide as that of C. rapa. 

 Its internal ledge is weaker than in these species, and its 

 collar is more convex than that of recta, which is a cone. 



Recorded from nine stations, five in the Atlantic and four 

 in the Pacific, as follows: one (16) in the Gulf Stream, one 

 (20) in the Sargasso Sea, three (22, 24, 30) in the Atlantic- 

 equatorial region, two (81, 95) in the region of South Pacific 

 island fields, one (139) in the North Pacific trade region, 

 and one (149) in the California region. 



There are 2 pump and 7 net samples, of which 2 were taken 

 at 50 meters and 7 at 100 meters. Frequencies, minimum. 



Temperature: Atlantic, pump sample i9?62, net samples 

 i5?55-27?88 (20?86); Pacific, 22?78 and 20?4o- 2 8?74 

 (25^21 ), respectively. Salinity: Atlantic, pump sample 36.48, 

 net samples 35.61-36.73 (36.14); Pacific, 35.18 and 34.92- 

 35.85 (35-37), respectively. Density: Atlantic, pump sample 

 26.01, net samples 23.26-26.34 (24.99); Pacific, 24.15 and 

 22.4^-24.60 (23.53), respectively. pH: Atlantic, pump sam- 

 ple 8.17, net samples 7.96-8.30 (8.15); Pacific, 8.28 and 8.19- 

 8.30 (8.23), respectively. 



Codonella apicata Kofoid and Campbell 

 Codonelhi apicata Kofoid and Campbell, 1929, p. 53, fig. 1 in. 

 The short, stout, acorn-shaped lorica, with rounded collar, 

 strong bowl, and faintly pointed aboral end, has a length ol 

 1.75 oral diameters. The thin-edged oral margin is inturned 

 and smooth. The rounded collar expands from the margin 

 to a diameter of 1.15 oral diameters at 0.4 oral diameter 

 below the rim, and then rapidly contracts to the neck, where 

 the diameter is 0.95 oral diameter. The sides are full, and 

 the angle (142 ) at the swollen part is barely rounded off. 

 The ovate bowl expands from the neck to a diameter of 1.35 

 oral diameters, which is reached near 0.62 total length below 

 the rim. Below this level the bowl contracts rapidly to the 

 decidedly convex-conical (90° to 125 ) aboral region. The 

 aboral end is bluntly to sharply pointed and less commonly 

 cuspidate. 



The wall averages about 0.05 oral diameter in thickness 

 across the bowl and is much thinner in the upper collar. 

 There is only a single layer of large, rectangular secondary 

 prisms, except in the lower bowl, where two layers are found 

 in some individuals. There is scarcely any nuchal ledge. 

 The external surface is reticulated with coarse secondary 

 polygons with rather thick walls; smaller polygons are sub- 

 oral, and large "duplex" polygons are common postequa- 

 torially. 



There is a conical closing apparatus. 



Length, 52 to 94".. 



The length is variable and doubtless reflects the relation 

 between temperature and available material for lorication. 

 The wall and the shape of the aboral end are among the 

 more important variable characters. The "duplex" or ter- 

 tiary structure is especially interesting. 



Codonella apicata is smaller than C. perforata and has a 

 less angular collar and distinctly different bowl. Codonella 

 tropica and C. cuspidata have differently shaped collars, and 

 C. acerca is less trim and also broader. Had it no collar, C. 

 dadayi would be close to apicata. 



Recorded from forty-five stations, thirteen in the Atlantic 

 and thirty-two in the Pacific, as follows: two (2, 16) in the 

 Ciulf Stream, one (4) in the Atlantic drift, four (18, 19, 20, 

 20-21) in the Sargasso Sea, five (22, 23, 24, 25, 27) in the 

 Atlantic equatorial region, one (31) in the Caribbean Sea, 

 two (37, 153) in the Pacific equatorial region, six (41, 45, 

 77, 78, 79, 80) in the Galapagos region, four (57, 63, 65, 67) 

 in the South Pacific middle latitudes, nine (81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 

 90, 92, 94, 95) in the region of South Pacific island fields, 

 four (100, 10 1, 138, 151) in the North Pacific trade region, 

 five (133, 135, 136, 137, 148) in the California region, and 

 two (141, 144) in the North Pacific middle latitudes. 

 Codonella apicata is widely distributed in the warmer regions 

 and is lacking, save for chance drifting loricae, in cooler 

 areas. Its absence from stations 6 to 13 and 118 to 125 is 

 significant. It reaches its maximum near the tropics, where 

 it may be expected in nearly any sample. 



There are 34 pump and 29 net samples, of which 9 were 

 taken at the surface, 31 at 50 meters, and 23 at 100 meters. 

 This species apparently prefers deeper levels to the surface, 

 but is not limited to any special level. Maximum frequency, 

 20 per cent at station 65; other records above minimum (2 to 

 7 per cent) from stations 4, 16, 20, 20-21, 22, 45, 63, 77, 78, 

 80, 81, 85, 136, 148; averages, 14.0 and 7.0 loricae in Atlantic 

 and Pacific pump samples, and 19.0 and 5.0 per cent in 

 Atlantic and Pacific net samples, respectively. 



Temperature: Atlantic, pump samples i4?32-25?72 

 (21^74), net samples i4?6o-27?53 (23? 14); Pacific, 14^55- 

 28?05 (23?38) and i5?03~28?74 (22?52), respectively. 

 Salinity: Atlantic, pump samples 36.00-37.15 (36.49). net 

 samples 35.22-38.81 (36.44); Pacific, 31.68-36.49 (35.12) and 

 34.30-36.98 (35.47). respectively. Density: Atlantic, pump 

 samples 24.34-26.91 (25.38), net samples 23.84-26.62 (25.15); 

 Pacific, 20.20-26.11 (23.77) and 22 43 _2 545 ( 2 4-30, respec- 

 tively. pH: Atlantic, pump samples 7.93-8.32 (8.18), net 

 samples 8.15-8.27 (8.22); Pacific, 7.92-8.39 (8.27) and 8.01- 

 8.39 (8.16), respectively. 



Codonella aspera Kofoid and Campbell 



Codonella aspera Kofoid and Campbell. 1929. pp. 55 - 5 f '- fig- 



101. 

 Codonella galea, Hofker (part), 1931, pp. 352-354, figs. 26, 28 



(see also C. galea). 

 Petalotricha galea, Haeckel, 1899, pi. 3, fig. 6. 



The stout, ovoid lorica, with flaring collar, rotund ovate 

 bowl, and broadly rounded aboral end, has a length of 1.57 



